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Discourse marker and stance adverbial variation in spoken American English: A corpus-based analysis.

机译：美国英语口语中的话语标记和姿势状语变化：基于语料库的分析。

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摘要

This study investigates the variation of discourse markers and stance adverbials in spoken American English. Previous research shows a great deal of disagreement as to the identification of discourse markers, and lists of discourse markers often include lexical items which have also been described as stance adverbials. The aim of the present study is to identify the most common grammatical, semantic and functional properties of the lexical items well, actually, like, kind of, about, you know and see in order to (1) determine whether each item is a discourse marker or a stance adverbial; and (2) differentiate the class of discourse markers from the class of stance adverbials.; The study analyzes a large number of tokens of each target lexical item from the three-million-word Longman Corpus of Spoken American English. A combination of automatic and semi-automatic processes are used to produce detailed coding of each occurrence of a target lexical item for (1) its position in the utterance; (2) the grammatical structures which surround it; and (3) the age and sex of the speaker. Quantitative analyses of each item's preferred distributional patterns are combined with qualitative functional interpretation of extended corpus examples which illustrate those preferred patterns.; Findings indicate that the majority of the items investigated can not be classified into discrete categories defined by grammatical, semantic and functional properties. Rather, each item takes a different position along a semantic/functional continuum which ranges across three categories, from (1) highly restricted, adverb-like functions, through (2) propositional-level functions based on encoded lexical meaning, to (3) discourse/text/social-level functions of propositionally empty lexical items. Moreover, several of the target lexical items show evidence of grammaticalization in progress from one place along the continuum to another.; In conclusion, the implications of these corpus-based findings for the study of spoken discourse, language teaching and grammatical analysis are discussed, and suggestions of areas for future research are made.
机译：这项研究调查了英语口语中话语标记和姿态副词的变化。先前的研究表明，在话语标记的识别上存在很多分歧，并且话语标记的列表通常包括词汇项目，这些词汇项目也被称为立场状语。本研究的目的是很好地识别词汇项的最常见的语法，语义和功能特性，实际上是，例如，您知道并看到的种类，以便（1）确定每个项是否是一种话语。标记或立场状语； （2）区分话语标记语和立场副词的类别。该研究分析了300万字的美国英语口语朗文语料库中每个目标词汇项的大量标记。自动和半自动过程的组合用于为目标词法项的每次出现生成详细的编码，用于（1）其在话语中的位置； （2）围绕它的语法结构； （3）演讲者的年龄和性别。对每个项目的偏爱分布模式进行定量分析，并结合扩展语料库示例的定性功能解释，以说明这些偏爱模式。调查结果表明，大部分调查项目不能归类为由语法，语义和功能属性定义的离散类别。而是，每个项目在语义/功能连续体上的位置都不同，该连续性跨三个类别，从（1）高度受限的副词式功能，到（2）基于编码的词义的命题级功能，到（3）虚假词汇项目的话语/文本/社会层面功能。而且，几个目标词汇项显示出从一个地方到整个连续地方的语法化进程的证据。总之，讨论了这些基于语料库的发现对于口语研究，语言教学和语法分析的意义，并提出了未来研究领域的建议。

著录项

  • 作者

    Helt, Marie Esther.;

  • 作者单位

    Northern Arizona University.;

  • 授予单位 Northern Arizona University.;
  • 学科 Language Linguistics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1997
  • 页码 242 p.
  • 总页数 242
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 语言学;
  • 关键词

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