• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文学位 >The Newfoundland bank fishery: Government policies and the struggle to improve bank fishing crews' working, health, and safety conditions, 1876-1920.
【24h】

The Newfoundland bank fishery: Government policies and the struggle to improve bank fishing crews' working, health, and safety conditions, 1876-1920.

机译：纽芬兰银行的渔业：1876年至1920年，政府政策和为改善银行捕鱼人员的工作，健康和安全条件而进行的斗争。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The re-establishment of the Newfoundland-based bank fishery during the late 19th and early 20th centuries came about as a result of the Newfoundland government's policy of economic diversification.;In the late 1870's, successive Newfoundland governments provided bank fishery and shipbuilding subsidies. These initiatives, coupled with substantial fish landings encouraged increased participation by local fishing firms.;A successful decade in the 1880s saw the rise of St. John's as the largest bank fishing port in Newfoundland. Commencing in 1889 the bank fishery declined in terms of landings and participation. Fishing firms in St. John's and in other northeast coast communities gradually withdrew from it. St. John's, the base of the bank fishery in the 1880s, witnessed only a fraction of bankers outfitting from its wharves after 1890. By the late 1910s the bank fishery used the south coast as the base of its operations where it remained until being replaced by the deep sea dragger fleet in the late 1940s.;Labour legislation in late 19th century Newfoundland fishery consisted of the Masters and Servants Act. One-sided labour laws, they underlined the considerable power wielded by Newfoundland fish merchants. Many firms operating from these ports required bank fishers to sign written contracts guaranteeing to remain with the employer for the duration of the voyage, often a six month period. Leaving employment prior to the end of the trip constituted desertion--a criminal offence punishable by a jail sentence of thirty to sixty days. Newfoundland bank fishers responded to this system in various ways. Some accepted it as part of the cost of residing in Newfoundland. Others resisted, either by deserting vessels which they saw as unsafe or unprofitable, or by leaving the fishery for other labour markets either in Newfoundland or elsewhere.;Issues other than archaic labour laws and desertion plagued successive Newfoundland administrations. By the late 1880's, critics of the domestic shipbuilding program recognized it as subsidizing the construction of poor quality vessels, particularly for the bank fishery. They forced the government to seek remedial action in the form of an independent inspector--a Lloyd's Surveyor. In addition other middle class reformers active at the same time successfully lobbied to have the Newfoundland government introduce a death benefit insurance program for bank fishers.;To provide themselves some form of protection, bank fishers along with other Newfoundland fishers organized and joined various mutual aid or friendly societies. Generally formed along religious or sectarian lines, these organizations provided assistance to fishers and their families in times of need. The period after 1908 saw fishers joining the Fishermen's Protective Union, which offered them a voice in the political affairs of the country.;Within the late 19th and early 20th century struggles to improve working and safety conditions in the bank fishery we meet various reform-minded politicians and other activists and explore their efforts to improve conditions faced by bank fishers and their families. Tracing their endeavours, uncovers the arguments of those both supporting and opposing change, thus providing some exposure to the force field of Newfoundland's domestic political structure in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：19世纪末至20世纪初，纽芬兰政府重新建立了银行渔业，这是纽芬兰政府实行经济多样化政策的结果; 1870年代后期，纽芬兰历届政府都提供了银行渔业和造船补贴。这些举措，再加上大量的鱼类登陆，鼓励了当地渔业公司的更多参与。1880年代成功的十年见证了圣约翰成为纽芬兰最大的岸上渔港。从1889年开始，岸上渔业的登陆量和参与度下降。圣约翰和其他东北沿海地区的捕鱼公司逐渐撤离该地区。 1880年代，圣约翰百货公司是银行渔业的基地，在1890年之后，只有一小部分银行家从码头装扮。到1910年代后期，银行渔业以南海岸为基地，直到被替换为止。 1940年代后期，纽芬兰渔业的劳动立法由《主人和仆人法》组成。他们采用了单方面的劳动法，突显了纽芬兰鱼类商人的巨大权力。在这些港口运营的许多公司都要求银行渔民签署书面合同，保证在整个航行期间（通常为六个月）与雇主保持联系。在旅行结束之前离开工作就构成了荒废-一种刑事犯罪，可判处30至60天的监禁。纽芬兰河岸的渔民以各种方式对这一制度作出反应。一些人接受它作为居住在纽芬兰的费用的一部分。其他人则通过抛弃他们认为不安全或无利可图的船只进行抵制，或者通过将渔业转移到纽芬兰或其他地方的其他劳动力市场来抵抗。到1880年代后期，对国内造船计划的批评者意识到，它是对劣质船只的建造提供了补贴，特别是对于沿海渔业。他们强迫政府以独立检查员（劳埃德的测量员）的形式寻求补救措施。此外，同时活跃的其他中产阶级改革者也成功游说纽芬兰政府为银行渔民引入了死亡保险计划。为了提供某种形式的保护，银行渔民与其他纽芬兰渔民一起组织并参加了各种互助活动或友好的社会。这些组织通常根据宗教或宗派组织而成立，在需要时向渔民及其家人提供援助。 1908年以后的时期，渔民加入了渔民保护联盟，这使他们在国家政治事务中发出了自己的声音。在19世纪末和20世纪初，为改善银行渔业的工作和安全条件而进行的斗争使我们进行了各种改革，有头脑的政客和其他激进主义者，并探索他们的工作以改善岸上渔民及其家人面临的状况。追寻他们的努力，揭示了那些支持和反对变革的论点，从而使人们对十九世纪末和二十世纪初的纽芬兰国内政治​​结构的力量领域有所了解。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Winsor, Frederick Archibald.;

  • 作者单位

    Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada).;
  • 学科 History Canadian.;Health Sciences Occupational Health and Safety.;Political Science Public Administration.;Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.;Sociology Industrial and Labor Relations.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1997
  • 页码 389 p.
  • 总页数 389
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 加拿大;职业性疾病预防;政治理论;社会学;水产、渔业;
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号