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Impacts of watershed management practices on water resources and anti-salt dam design in Casamance (Senegal).

机译：卡萨芒斯（塞内加尔）流域管理实践对水资源和防盐坝设计的影响。

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摘要

For many years, the Casamance was a self-sufficient region. Recently, this region has experienced food deficits because of the persistent drought. Given the shortage of rainfall over the last several years and the increasing accumulation of salt, the number of abandoned mangrove paddy fields is multiplying throughout the region. Because of the shortage of available fresh water for leaching the salt out of these fields and preventing the acidification of the acid sulfate soils, site development (polders, anti-salt dams, surface drainage) has become the only solution to the salt intrusion problem since the early 1970's. Today, the drought has led the farmers to move on the plateau where they practice the "slash and burn" or "bush fallow" agricultural system which is the simplest, fastest and least laborious way of preparing bush land agriculture. The alternative of clearing the land is deemed to be too laborious and impractical by many farmers relying now on cash crops production to solve their dependency for imported rice. As a consequence of these new agricultural practices, more erosion had occurred in most of the sites. The present study describes the agricultural droughts in Casamance using a method developed at ICRISAT. More especially it examines the length of dry spells, their probabilities and frequencies in the Lower Casamance region during the growing season. Three numerical models (HSPF10, CEQUEAU and SWAT) were investigated for potential use in the Djiguinoum watershed where the first anti-salt dam was built in 1984. Calibration and validation of the best suitable model were done using data collected by research teams of ISRA and ORSTOM. An evaluation and discussion of the results of the simulation model was made to evaluate existent farming systems practices on the watershed. Different scenarios involving changes in landuses and weather were analyzed and compared. Hydrologic design parameters were estimated using the selected simulation model and then, compared with those obtained by the Auvray and Rodier method widely used in West Africa for water resources assessment in small agricultural watersheds and with observed data.
机译：多年来，卡萨芒斯州一直是一个自给自足的地区。最近，由于持续干旱，该地区出现了粮食短缺。鉴于过去几年的降雨不足以及盐分不断增加，整个区域内废弃的红树林稻田的数量正在成倍增加。由于缺乏可用于从这些田间淋溶盐和防止酸性硫酸盐土壤酸化的淡水，场地开发（pol田，防盐坝，地表排水）已成为解决盐分入侵问题的唯一解决方案，因为1970年代初期。如今，干旱已使农民转移到高原上，在那里他们实行“刀耕火种”或“灌木休耕”农业系统，这是准备丛林农业的最简单，最快和最省力的方式。许多农民现在依靠经济作物的生产来解决对进口大米的依赖，因此认为清除土地的替代办法太费力又不切实际。这些新的农业做法的结果是，大多数地点发生了更多的侵蚀。本研究使用ICRISAT开发的方法描述了卡萨芒斯省的农业干旱。更具体地说，它检查了生长季节下卡萨曼斯地区干旱时期的长度，概率和发生频率。研究了三个数值模型（HSPF10，CEQUEAU和SWAT）在1984年建造的第一个防盐坝Djiguinoum流域中的潜在用途。使用ISRA和IRA研究小组收集的数据对最合适的模型进行了校准和验证。 ORSTOM。对模拟模型的结果进行了评估和讨论，以评估流域上现有的耕作制度实践。分析和比较了涉及土地利用和天气变化的不同情景。使用所选模拟模型估算水文设计参数，然后将其与通过西非广泛用于小型农业流域水资源评估的Auvray和Rodier方法获得的参数和观测数据进行比较。

著录项

  • 作者

    Boubacar, Barry.;

  • 作者单位

    Purdue University.;

  • 授予单位 Purdue University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Soil Science.;Urban and Regional Planning.;Engineering Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1997
  • 页码 179 p.
  • 总页数 179
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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