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Soil albedo in relation to soil color, moisture and roughness.

机译：土壤反照率与土壤颜色，湿度和粗糙度的关系。

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Land surface albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident solar radiation. It is a function of several surface parameters including soil color, moisture, roughness and vegetation cover. A better understanding of albedo and how it changes in relation to variations in these parameters is important in order to help improve our ability to model the effects of land surface modifications on climate.; The objectives of this study were (1) To determine empirical relationships between smooth bare soil albedo and soil color, (2) To develop statistical relationships between albedo and ground-based thematic mapper (TM) measurements of spectral reflectances, (3) To determine how increased surface roughness caused by tillage reduces bare soil albedo and (4) To empirically relate albedo with TM data and other physical characteristics of mixed grass/shrubland sites at Walnut Gulch Watershed.; Albedos, colors and spectral reflectances were measured by Eppley pyranometer, Chroma Meter CR-200 and a Spectron SE-590, respectively. Measurements were made on two field soils (Gila and Pima) at the Campus Agricultural Center (CAC), Tucson, AZ. Soil surface roughness was measured by a profile meter developed by the USDA/ARS. Additional measurements were made at the Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC) for statistical model testing.; Albedos of the 15 smooth, bare soils (plus silica sand) were determined by linear regression to be highly correlated (r{dollar}sp2{dollar} = 0.93, p {dollar}>{dollar} 0.01) with color values for both wet and dry soil conditions. Albedos of the same smooth bare soils were also highly correlated (r{dollar}sp2geq{dollar} 0.86, p {dollar}>{dollar} 0.01) with spectral reflectances. Testing of the linear regression equations relating albedo to soil color and spectral reflectances using the data from MAC showed a high correlation. A general nonlinear relationship given by y = 8.366ln(x) + 37.802 r{dollar}sp2{dollar} = 0.71 was determined between percent reduction in albedo (y) and surface roughness index (x) for wet and dry Pima and Gila field soils. Measurements of albedo, color and spectral reflectance at the Walnut Gulch Watershed indicated that albedo values were highly correlated with percent rock & gravel, color value and reflectance data (TM bands 1-4).
机译：陆地表面反照率是反射辐射与入射太阳辐射之比。它是几个表面参数的函数，包括土壤颜色，湿度，粗糙度和植被覆盖率。重要的是，更好地了解反照率及其与这些参数变化之间的关系是如何改变的，这有助于提高我们对陆地表面变化对气候的影响进行建模的能力。这项研究的目的是（1）确定光滑裸露的土壤反照率与土壤颜色之间的经验关系，（2）建立反照率与地面光谱反射率专题测绘仪（TM）测量之间的统计关系，（3）确定耕作导致的表面粗糙度增加如何减少裸露的土壤反照率；（4）将反照率与核桃谷流域的TM数据和其他草/灌木丛混合场所的其他物理特征进行经验关联；分别通过Eppley日射强度计，Chroma Meter CR-200和Spectron SE-590测量反照率，颜色和光谱反射率。在亚利桑那州图森的校园农业中心（CAC）的两种田间土壤（Gila和Pima）上进行了测量。用USDA / ARS开发的轮廓仪测量土壤表面粗糙度。在Maricopa农业中心（MAC）进行了其他测量，以进行统计模型测试。通过线性回归确定15个光滑裸露土壤（加上硅砂）的反照率与两个湿润的颜色值高度相关（r {dollar} sp2 {dollar} = 0.93，p {dollar}> {dollar} 0.01）和干燥的土壤条件。同样光滑的裸露土壤的反照率也与光谱反射率高度相关（r {dollar} sp2geq {dollar} 0.86，p {dollar}> {dollar} 0.01）。使用MAC数据测试将反照率与土壤颜色和光谱反射率相关的线性回归方程式显示出高度相关性。确定了湿和干皮马和吉拉场的反照率减少百分比（y）与表面粗糙度指数（x）之间的关系，由y = 8.366ln（x）+ 37.802 r {dollar} sp2 {dollar} = 0.71给出的一般非线性关系土壤。在核桃谷流域的反照率，颜色和光谱反射率的测量结果表明，反照率值与岩石和砾石百分比，颜色值和反射率数据（TM波段1-4）高度相关。

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