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Health and human nature: A naturalist's account of health and normality.

机译：健康与人性：博物学家对健康和正常性的描述。

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摘要

The argument between naturalists and normativists about the notions of health, normality and disease has largely revolved around the fact-value distinction and the problem of the place of values in biomedical science. In this essay it is argued that the proper place for a naturalist to begin an investigation of these notions is in biology, and that the fact-value controversy is an inappropriate focus for a naturalist investigating the semantics of health notions. A rigorous naturalist analysis of standards of organismic assessment should begin with the kinds of organismic assessment made in the biological sciences. Perhaps the most fruitful area of discussion regarding organismic assessment is the discussion among ecologists of the classification of symbioses.; Three models offer themselves as frameworks for the classification of symbioses. First there is the model presented in most introductory texts in biology which classifies symbiotic relationships according to harm or benefit to the organisms in the association. Second, there is the model which more sophisticated biologists employ which classifies symbiotic relationships according to fitness effects on the organisms in the association. This second model is often taken as a refinement of the first. Finally, it is suggested that an alternative functional assessment model escapes shortcoming of each of the earlier two models.; Generalization of this functional assessment of the organism in the face of varying conditions and environments rather than merely varying associations provides the groundwork for a plausible reconstruction of health and normality, with the assessment of health being simply functional assessment, and normality being the more complicated of the two notions. It is suggested that a condition of an organism is normal if it is to be predicted from among a group of alternatives from a functional analysis of the rest of the organism. What emerges from this analysis is a notion of normality which we contrast with disease and pathology and a notion of health as more than the mere absence of disease.
机译：自然主义者和规范主义者之间关于健康，正常性和疾病概念的争论主要围绕事实价值区分和生物医学科学中价值地位的问题。在本文中，论证了自然主义者开始对这些概念进行研究的适当场所是生物学，而事实价值论争对于自然主义者研究健康概念的语义是不合适的。严格的自然主义者对生物评估标准的分析应从生物科学中进行的各种生物评估开始。关于有机体评估的最富有成果的讨论领域可能是生态学家之间关于共生酶分类的讨论。三种模型提供了自己作为共生酶分类的框架。首先，在生物学的大多数入门课本中都提供了该模型，该模型根据对关联生物的危害或利益对共生关系进行分类。其次，存在一种模型，供更高级的生物学家使用，该模型根据对关联生物的适应性影响将共生关系分类。第二个模型通常是第一个模型的改进。最后，提出了一种替代的功能评估模型，可以避免前两种模型各自的缺点。面对变化的条件和环境，而不仅仅是变化的关联性，对有机体的这种功能评估的一般化为合理重建健康和正常状况提供了基础，而健康评估只是功能评估，而正常状况则更为复杂。这两个概念。建议如果要从对生物的其余部分进行功能分析的一组备选方案中进行预测，则该生物的状况是正常的。从这种分析中得出的是正常性的概念，我们将其与疾病和病理学进行对比，而将健康的概念与不仅仅没有疾病相提并论。

著录项

  • 作者

    Copeland, Travis Burton.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Philosophy.; Biology General.; Health Sciences Medicine and Surgery.; Health Sciences General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1996
  • 页码 165 p.
  • 总页数 165
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 哲学理论;普通生物学;预防医学、卫生学;
  • 关键词

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