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首页> 外文学位 >The ultraviolet-B photobiology of freshwater calanoid copepods: Seasonal, population, and dietary influences.
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The ultraviolet-B photobiology of freshwater calanoid copepods: Seasonal, population, and dietary influences.

机译：淡水cal足类pe足类动物的紫外线B光生物学：季节，人口和饮食影响。

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摘要

Chlorofluorocarbons are suspected to have caused a reduction in stratospheric ozone and a concomitant increase of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation (280-320 nm) reaching the surface (Madronich, 1993). The prospect of rising UV-B levels has spawned considerable interest in UV-B effects on organisms and ecosystems. Freshwater calanoid copepods are an excellent model for studying these effects because of their ubiquity and pivotal position in aquatic food webs.; This dissertation describes their use in acute UV-B toxicity bioassys utilizing both lamp UV-B and natural sunlight.; Freshly-collected Diaptomus minutus from the low dissolved organic carbon (DOC), high UV-B Lake Giles were consistently more tolerant of lamp and solar UV-B than were those from the moderate DOC, low UV-B Lake Lacawac. The Lake Giles population was very tolerant from late June through October, but the Lake Lacawac population was least tolerant during July and August. The Lake Giles population retained its tolerance despite late summer food limitation. Differences in lamp UV-B tolerance did not persist in cultured animals, although a culture of Lake Giles animals initiated in September was more tolerant than those initiated in December, May, or June. A September culture of Lake Lacawac animals was more tolerant than a June culture.; The vertical distribution of the Lake Giles population did not shift in response to seasonal changes in solar UV-B, but the Lake Lacawac population avoided the daytime epilimnion from May through August. Solar UV-B is strongly attenuated in Lake Lacawac, and avoidance of the epilimnion could not be attributed to solar UV-B. Variations in tolerance did not parallel seasonal variations in solar UV-B intensity in either population. Possible explanations for seasonal variations in UV-B tolerance include differential reproductive success and physiological adaptation as solar UV-B levels change.; Although some differences in UV-B tolerance might conceivably be attributable to food quality, experiments utilizing D. oregonensis showed that lamp UV-B tolerance was similar in animals fed either Cryptomonas reflexa or Pandorina morum. D. oregonensis was less tolerant of lamp UV-B than D. minutus.
机译：氯氟烃被怀疑引起平流层臭氧的减少，并伴随着到达表面的紫外线B（UV-B）辐射（280-320 nm）的增加（Madronich，1993）。 UV-B水平上升的前景已引起人们对UV-B对生物和生态系统的影响的浓厚兴趣。淡水类an足类足类是研究这些影响的极佳模型，因为它们在水生食物网中普遍存在且处于关键地位。本论文描述了它们在灯紫外线-B和自然阳光下在急性紫外线-B毒性生物反应中的应用。刚从低溶解有机碳（DOC），高UV-B吉尔斯湖中收集到的Diaptomus minutus始终比中度DOC，低UV-B拉卡瓦茨湖对灯和太阳UV-B的耐受性更高。从6月下旬到10月，吉尔斯湖（Lake Giles）种群的耐受力非常强，但是7月和8月，拉卡瓦奇湖（Lake Lacawac）种群的耐受力最低。尽管夏末食物有限，但吉尔斯湖的人口仍能忍受。尽管在9月开始的吉尔斯湖动物文化比12月，5月或6月开始的动物更具耐受性，但在饲养的动物中灯对UV-B的耐受性并未持续存在差异。 9月的Lacawac湖动物文化比6月的文化更加宽容。吉尔斯湖种群的垂直分布并未响应太阳紫外线B的季节性变化而变化，但拉卡瓦克湖种群避免了5月至8月的白天epi行。太阳紫外线B在Lacawac湖中被强烈衰减，因此避免上浮华不能归因于太阳紫外线B。在这两个种群中，耐受性的变化与太阳紫外线B强度的季节性变化均不平行。对紫外线B耐受性的季节性变化的可能解释包括不同的繁殖成功率以及随着太阳紫外线B含量变化的生理适应性。尽管可以想象到对UV-B耐受性的某些差异可能归因于食品质量，但利用牛至的D. oregonensis进行的实验表明，饲喂反射小隐藻或Pandorina rum鼠的动物对灯的UV-B耐受性相似。 D. oregonensis对灯的UV-B耐受性不如D. minutus。

著录项

  • 作者

    Stutzman, Paul Leroy.;

  • 作者单位

    Lehigh University.;

  • 授予单位 Lehigh University.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Limnology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1996
  • 页码 121 p.
  • 总页数 121
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;
  • 关键词

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