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首页> 外文学位 >Emergent behavior in the immediate response to two disasters: The 1985 Mexico City earthquake and the 1994 Northridge earthquake in Los Angeles.
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Emergent behavior in the immediate response to two disasters: The 1985 Mexico City earthquake and the 1994 Northridge earthquake in Los Angeles.

机译：对两种灾难的立即响应中的紧急行为：1985年墨西哥城地震和1994年洛杉矶诺斯里奇地震。

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摘要

This study addresses the degree to which disaster planning and preparedness relate to the incidence of emergent behavior both at the organizational and individual level in the immediate response to disasters. The study examines (1) the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the pattern of response, (2) the degree to which organizational adaptability and centralization of response impact emergent behavior, and (3) the roles played by volunteers in the response effort. This is done in the context of a cross-cultural comparative case study of two events, the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City and the 1994 earthquake in Los Angeles.; Response is characterized by Search and Rescue (SAR). Emergent behavior is most evident in the performance of SAR in the immediate response period. The impact of disaster planning and preparedness on emergent behavior is probed through the examination of this primary response task. The study is theoretically grounded on emergent-norm theory. In the face of crisis, the search for collective meaning precedes the emergence of new groups. Kreps' model linking the fundamental elements of organization to emergence is merged with Dynes' typology of organizations, creating a new framework sensitive to the dynamic nature of organizational arrangements in disasters.; The analysis and conclusions focus on a critique of existing mechanisms for response. The cross-cultural nature of the study is a good vehicle to understand what may be universal problems and solutions and what constraints and opportunities are specific to one culture or another. Insight is gained into the dynamics of emergent groups. This insight is a valuable tool in determining the effectiveness of civilian first responder training as a disaster preparedness technique.
机译：这项研究探讨了灾难计划和备灾与组织和个人在对灾难的立即响应中突发事件的发生率相关的程度。这项研究考察了（1）社会文化因素与反应模式之间的关系，（2）组织适应性和反应集中性影响紧急行为的程度，以及（3）志愿者在反应工作中的作用。这是在两个事件的跨文化比较案例研究中完成的，这两个事件是1985年的墨西哥城地震和1994年的洛杉矶地震。响应的特点是搜索和救援（SAR）。紧急响应期间SAR的表现最明显。通过对该主要响应任务的检查，探讨了灾难计划和备灾对突发事件的影响。该研究在理论上基于紧急规范理论。面对危机，在寻求新的集体意义之前先要有新的群体。克雷普斯（Kreps）将组织的基本要素与突发事件联系起来的模型与戴恩斯（Dynes）的组织类型学融合在一起，创建了一个新的框架，该框架对灾害中组织安排的动态性质敏感。分析和结论集中于对现有应对机制的批评。这项研究的跨文化本质是了解什么可能是普遍存在的问题和解决方案以及一种文化或另一种文化特有的制约因素和机遇的良好工具。洞悉新兴群体的动态。这种见解是确定民用急救人员培训作为防灾技术的有效性的宝贵工具。

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  • 作者

    Vigo, Gabriela Norma.;

  • 作者单位

    Texas A&M University.;

  • 授予单位 Texas A&M University.;
  • 学科 Urban and Regional Planning.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1996
  • 页码 271 p.
  • 总页数 271
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 区域规划、城乡规划;
  • 关键词

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