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首页> 外文学位 >Interactions between the pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae, and the herbivore Plutella xylostella.
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Interactions between the pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae, and the herbivore Plutella xylostella.

机译：病原体苏云金芽孢杆菌，寄生性小菜蛾小菜蛾和草食小菜蛾小菜蛾之间的相互作用。

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摘要

Effects of variation in phenotype of Plutella xylostella (L.) (diamondback moth) on within-host interactions between the bacterial pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and larvae of the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov, were examined. The outcome of interactions between the parasitoid and pathogen depended on host phenotype. In susceptible hosts, the parasitoid did not affect performance of the pathogen, but the pathogen had a significant negative effect on the parasitoid. In moderately resistant hosts, the interaction between the parasitoid and pathogen was competitive; both had a significant negative effect on the other. Highly resistant hosts were not susceptible to infection by the pathogen, which created a refugium from competition for the parasitoid. I also found that the effects of B. thuringiensis + parasitoids combined on diamondback moth mortality depended on the hosts' susceptibility to B. thuringiensis. For susceptible hosts, highest diamondback moth mortality was caused by B. thuringiensis + parasitoids, but for the two resistant phenotypes, parasitoids alone caused as much mortality as B. thuringiensis + parasitoids combined.; I tested the direct and indirect effects of B. thuringiensis on adult C. plutellae longevity and oviposition choice. In two separate experiments with male and female parasitoids, B. thuringiensis treatment did not significantly effect parasitoids exposed to B. thuringiensis. I also observed the oviposition behavior of female C. plutellae given 5 larvae that had been treated with B. thuringiensis and 5 untreated larvae in a choice test. There was no effect of B. thuringiensis treatment on parasitoid oviposition choice. The mean number of ovipositions in treated larvae was not different from untreated larvae.; Computer simulation was used to study the effects of pesticide resistance development and management strategies on pesticide-parasitoid-host systems. From these analyses I concluded that C. plutellae and B. thuringiensis could be used together in an integrated pest management program to control diamondback moth, and that parasitoids would slow the evolution of pesticide resistance by decreasing the number of generations in which treatment is required. Also, parasitoids could be complementary to spatial refuges from pesticides, with parasitoids maintaining control of a pest while refuges slow the development of resistance by the pest.
机译：研究了小菜蛾（小菜蛾）表型变化对细菌病原体苏云金芽胞杆菌Berliner和寄生蜂黄蜂（Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov）幼虫之间宿主内相互作用的影响。寄生虫与病原体之间相互作用的结果取决于宿主表型。在易感宿主中，寄生虫不会影响病原体的性能，但是病原体对寄生虫有明显的负面影响。在中等抵抗力宿主中，寄生虫与病原体之间的相互作用是竞争性的。两者对对方都有明显的负面影响。高度抗药的宿主不容易受到病原体的感染，病原体导致了对寄生虫的竞争。我还发现，苏云金芽孢杆菌+寄生虫对小菜蛾死亡率的影响取决于寄主对苏云金芽孢杆菌的敏感性。对于易感寄主，小菜蛾的最高死亡率是由苏云金芽孢杆菌+寄生虫引起的，但是对于这两种抗性表型，仅寄生虫的致死率与苏云金芽孢杆菌+寄生虫的总和一样多。我测试了苏云金芽孢杆菌对成年小菜蛾寿命和产卵选择的直接和间接影响。在两个分别针对雄性和雌性寄生虫的实验中，苏云金芽孢杆菌的治疗对暴露于苏云金芽孢杆菌的寄生虫没有明显影响。我还观察到在选择测试中，给予5只经苏云金芽胞杆菌处理过的幼虫和5只未经处理的幼虫的雌性小菜蛾的产卵行为。苏云金芽孢杆菌的处理对拟寄生物产卵的选择没有影响。处理过的幼虫的平均产卵数与未处理过的幼虫无差异。计算机模拟被用来研究农药抗性发展和管理策略对农药-寄生虫-宿主系统的影响。从这些分析中，我得出结论，小菜蛾和苏云金芽孢杆菌可在病虫害综合防治计划中一起使用，以控制小菜蛾，而寄生类寄生虫将通过减少需要处理的世代数而减缓对农药的抵抗力。同样，寄生虫可以与农药的空间避难所互补，寄生虫可以保持对害虫的控制，而避难所减缓了害虫产生抗药性的能力。

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