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首页> 外文学位 >'The sound of the rustling of the gold is under my feet where I stand; we have a rich country': A history of aboriginal mineral resources in Ontario
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'The sound of the rustling of the gold is under my feet where I stand; we have a rich country': A history of aboriginal mineral resources in Ontario

机译：“我沙哑的声音在我站着的脚下；我们有一个富裕的国家”：安大略省的原始矿产资源历史

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摘要

This dissertation analyzes the inherent Aboriginal Title to mineral resources, including oil and gas, under the land and land under water in the context of a long and continuous Native knowledge and use of these resources, which were never relinquished by First Nations in Ontario. Some individual Natives shared their mineral knowledge with the newcomers entering their lands. NonAboriginal mining activities eventually led to disputes between First Nations and the outsiders who, in many cases, attempted to remove minerals without Aboriginal consent and without paying compensation.;Under these circumstances, First Nations vigorously petitioned and visited the colonial and settler governments for redress and the negotiation of Treaties, which the governments were reluctant to make. Government inaction prompted numerous Chiefs, First Nation citizens and their allies into disrupting, blocking or otherwise stopping nonNative mining operations in the province thus, precipitating the Treaties which they had demanded. This was the context in which the largest Treaties in Ontario were concluded. First Nations negotiated strong, open-ended Treaties which protected their rights and provided for future economic development and sovereignty. But, because the government unilaterally added and deleted provisions in its printed Treaties, the actual Treaties which First Nations had orally negotiated and agreed to have been obscured.;This appears to have been deliberate because the settler government and its successors wanted control of and beneficial interest in the same resources which Native Peoples had retained as the base of their economy: minerals, timber, game, fish, water etc. Following the Confederation of Canada in 1867, Ontario fought to gain control of this largesse. Federal/provincial disputes over ownership and monetary interest in minerals led to numerous court battles, legislation and agreements which upheld the provincial position at the expense of First Nations and Canada.;This study demonstrates that First Nations have an inherent Title to minerals, that they have never yielded this and that this Title continues to this day. First Nations have acted consistently to protect and develop these resources which are a part of their birthright. The colonial government and its successors, including Ontario, have behaved inconsistently both admitting and denying Aboriginal ownership and beneficial interest in minerals. These governments have consistently failed to respect Treaty promises. Canada, in particular, has badly mismanaged mineral development on Reserves in Ontario.
机译：本文在长期和持续的本土知识和对这些资源的使用的背景下，分析了陆地和水下土地上矿产资源（包括石油和天然气）固有的原住民所有权，安大略省的第一民族从未放弃过这些所有权。一些土著人与进入他们的土地的新移民分享了他们的矿物知识。非原住民的采矿活动最终导致原住民与局外人之间的争端，在许多情况下，原住民试图在未经原住民同意且不支付赔偿的情况下移走矿物；在这种情况下，原住民大力请愿并拜访殖民地和移民政府以寻求补救和政府不愿进行的条约谈判。政府的无所作为促使许多酋长，原住民及其盟友破坏，阻止或以其他方式停止了该省的非本地采矿活动，从而使他们所要求的条约变得更加容易。在此背景下缔结了安大略最大的条约。原住民谈判了强有力的，不限成员名额的条约，这些条约保护其权利并为未来的经济发展和主权作出了规定。但是，由于政府在其印刷的条约中单方面增加和删除了条款，因此原住民经口头谈判并同意的实际条约被掩盖了;这似乎是故意的，因为定居者政府及其继任者希望控制和受益对原住民保留作为经济基础的资源感兴趣：矿产，木材，野味，鱼类，水等。1867年加拿大联邦成立后，安大略省开始争取控制这种资源。联邦/省关于矿产所有权和金钱利益的争端导致了无数法院之战，立法和协议，以牺牲原住民和加拿大为代价维持了省级立场；该研究表明，原住民拥有矿产的固有所有权，从来没有放弃过这个，这个称号一直延续到今天。原住民一直采取行动保护和开发这些资源，这是其与生俱来的权利。殖民政府及其后继者，包括安大略省，在承认和否认土著人所有权以及对矿产的有利利益方面表现得前后矛盾。这些政府一直未能遵守条约的承诺。尤其是加拿大，安大略省储量的矿产开发管理不善。

著录项

  • 作者

    Telford, Rhonda Mae.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Toronto (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Toronto (Canada).;
  • 学科 Canadian history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1996
  • 页码 627 p.
  • 总页数 627
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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