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首页> 外文学位 >Fire, grazing, and extraction of non-timber forest products in the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, southern India: Implications for forest policy, sustainable use and local economies.
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Fire, grazing, and extraction of non-timber forest products in the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, southern India: Implications for forest policy, sustainable use and local economies.

机译：印度南部尼尔吉里斯生物圈保护区的非木材林产品的火灾，放牧和采伐：对森林政策，可持续利用和地方经济的影响。

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My study, set in the dry deciduous forests of Mudumalai, within the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, in South India, dealt with the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on forest composition and the implications of these disturbances for biological sustainability. The major human activities in the forest include fuelwood extraction for about 12,000 people, cattle grazing, and harvest of non-timber forest products.; I conducted a survey of the population to assess the extent of dependence on fuelwood. I estimated the annual per capita consumption of fuelwood to be 376 kg. I validated this figure by detailed observations of the amount of fuelwood being carried out from the forest. Vegetation transects revealed that the collection area requires a 4 km radius from the main village to meet its current annual requirements of 2000 metric tons on a sustainable yield basis. The extraction pressures will continue to radiate out deeper into the forest if open access conditions persist.; I studied the effects of grazing on vegetation species composition, tree seedling regeneration, seed set of grass species, and biomass productivity at an experimental site. The forest vegetation composition has been degraded from a dry deciduous forest formation to a woodland savanna. Biomass productivity in the control plots was about 6 tons/ha/year. The regeneration of seedlings is highest in control plots compared to plots with grazing, fire, or both. Analysis of soil samples from treatment plots did not reveal any significant differences. Numbers of wild herbivores may be diminished by cattle grazing and habitat change. Cattle grazing is economically attractive because it generates U.S. {dollar}0.5 million annually for the local economy.; Another forest resource use is extraction of non-timber forest products. The commercial and subsistence value is estimated to be over U.S. {dollar}37,000. Poorer households, rely to a greater extent on NTFPs. The value of NTFPs is deteriorating because of fuelwood cutting pressures, and animal husbandry.; The present property regime is at the heart of resource misuse, and I advocate security of rights of access to natural resources, which may result in a more sustainable use.
机译：我的研究是在印度南部Nilgiris生物圈保护区内Mudumalai的落叶落叶森林中进行的，研究涉及人为干扰对森林组成的影响以及这些干扰对生物可持续性的影响。森林中的主要人类活动包括约12,000人的薪柴提取，放牧牛群和收获非木材林产品。我对人口进行了一项调查，以评估对薪柴的依赖程度。我估计人均薪柴年消费量为376公斤。我通过对从森林中运出的薪柴量的详细观察来验证此数字。植被样带显示，采集区距主要村庄半径为4公里，才能在可持续的产量基础上满足其目前每年的2000公吨需求。如果开放条件持续存在，提取压力将继续向森林深处扩散。我在一个实验点研究了放牧对植被物种组成，树木幼苗再生，草种种子集和生物量生产力的影响。森林植被组成已从干燥的落叶林形成退化为林地大草原。对照区的生物量生产力约为6吨/公顷/年。与放牧，火或两者兼有的样地相比，对照样地的幼苗再生最高。分析处理地块的土壤样品没有发现任何显着差异。放牧和栖息地变化可能会减少野生草食动物的数量。牛放牧在经济上具有吸引力，因为它每年为当地经济带来50万美元的收益。另一个森林资源用途是提取非木材林产品。商业和生活价值估计超过37,000美元。贫困家庭更多地依靠非木材林产品。由于薪材砍伐压力和畜牧业的发展，非木材林产品的价值正在下降。当前的财产制度是资源滥用的核心，我主张获取自然资源的权利的安全，这可能导致更可持续的利用。

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