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Earthquake rupture processes and recurrence, seismicity and thermal modeling: Several studies of how, where and when earthquakes occur.

机译：地震破裂过程和复发，地震活动和热力模型：关于地震发生的方式，地点和时间的若干研究。

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摘要

This dissertation contains several studies of different aspects of earthquake occurrence. The first two papers explore details of the rupture process of three large earthquakes. Using broadband teleseismic body waves we inverted for the mechanism(s), seismic moment, fault plane orientation and spatial distribution of slip of these earthquakes. The study of the 1991 M{dollar}rmsb{lcub}w{rcub}=7.7{dollar} Valle de la Estrella earthquake gives insight in the tectonic setting of Costa Rica. This back-arc thrusting event appears to have ruptured the northern end of the North Panama Deformed Belt. A strike slip zone that cuts across Costa Rica may be an incipient plate boundary, isolating an independent Panama Block. The 570 km deep M{dollar}rmsb{lcub}w{rcub}=7.6{dollar} Fiji Island and 660 km deep M{dollar}rmsb{lcub}w{rcub}=8.2{dollar} Bolivia earthquakes of 1994 are the first large deep earthquakes permitting a study with high quality broadband data. In spite of the detailed pictures obtained for their ruptures and some observable differences with shallow (brittle failure) earthquakes, the physical mechanism causing deep earthquakes remains elusive.; The third and fourth chapters look at the larger scale picture of patterns in seismicity. Using a model based on the physics of static dislocations and the principle of fault segmentation we generate a synthetic earthquake catalog for the San Andreas and San Jacinto Faults in California, that is long enough to calculate recurrence statistics. The model reproduces observed seismicity over four orders of magnitude and is consistent with geologic and paleoseismic data. Segment interaction leads to much more irregular recurrence than generally assumed in seismic hazard analyses, and irregularity decreases with increasing earthquake magnitude. Motivated by this, the longest and most complete historical and paleoseismic catalogs were reanalyzed. Large irregularity was found even for M {dollar}ge{dollar} 8 earthquakes.; The final chapter describes a present day three-dimensional thermal model of the Mendocino Triple Junction, based on its well-documented kinematic history. The thermal model agrees with large scale features imaged using seismic tomography, but needs further adjustments to fit observed surface heatflow. Thermal modeling of this complex area can yield insight in the distribution of seismicity and crustal deformation.
机译：本文对地震发生的各个方面进行了研究。前两篇论文探讨了三场大地震破裂过程的细节。使用宽带远震体波，我们反转了这些地震的机理，地震矩，断层平面方向和滑动的空间分布。对1991年瓦莱德拉埃斯特雷利亚大地震的研究表明，对哥斯达黎加的构造环境有深刻见解。弧后推力事件似乎已经使北巴拿马变形带的北端破裂。跨越哥斯达黎加的走滑带可能是一个初始板块边界，隔离了一个独立的巴拿马区块。斐济岛570公里深的M {dollar} rmsb {lcub} w {rcub} = 7.6 {dollar}和660公里深的1994年玻利维亚地震是第一次大地震可以进行高质量宽带数据的研究。尽管获得了有关破裂的详细图片，以及与浅（脆性破坏）地震的一些可观察到的差异，但造成深地震的物理机制仍然难以捉摸。第三和第四章着眼于地震活动模式的更大范围的图景。使用基于静态位错物理原理和断层分割原理的模型，我们为加利福尼亚的San Andreas和San Jacinto断层生成了一个综合地震目录，该目录足以计算递归统计数据。该模型再现了四个数量级上的观测地震活动，并且与地质和古地震数据一致。分段相互作用导致的不规则复发比地震危险性分析中通常假定的要大得多，并且不规则性随地震强度的增加而减小。因此，对最长，最完整的历史和古地震目录进行了重新分析。即使在M {dolge} ge {dollar} 8级地震中也发现了较大的不规则性。最后一章基于记载充分的运动历史，描述了门多西诺三结的当今三维热模型。热模型与使用地震层析成像成像的大型特征相符，但需要进一步调整以适合观察到的表面热流。这个复杂区域的热模型可以提供地震活动性和地壳变形分布的见解。

著录项

  • 作者

    Goes, Saskia Danielle Bianca.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Santa Cruz.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Santa Cruz.;
  • 学科 Geophysics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1995
  • 页码 161 p.
  • 总页数 161
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地球物理学;
  • 关键词

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