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The ecology and restoration of a high montane rare plant community.

机译：山地珍稀植物群落的生态和恢复。

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摘要

Rare plant conservation efforts increasingly call for restoration, not just protection, of extant habitat. Restoration initiatives can be strengthened by knowledge of ecological processes that occur across a range of spatial and temporal scales. In the Southern Appalachian Mountains of the United States, 15 rare herbs are restricted to high montane rock outcrops. My studies of six species indicate that the interaction of three primary factors explains both the distribution of the rare herbs and their declines: (1) the evolutionary history of the species as arctic-alpine relicts; (2) the combined influences of physiological tolerances and competitive relationships; and (3) human impacts through direct effects of trampling and indirect effects on plant succession. At broad spatial and temporal scales, ecological processes associated with global climate change have restricted elements of a former alpine flora to rock outcrops on cool, moist, mountain summits. Visitor disturbance and woody plant succession appear to be the primary agents of recent population declines; within sites, their effects occur primarily at the scale of individual outcrops, and habitat patches are affected according to their position on the outcrops. Within and among habitat patches, a moisture gradient best differentiates the microhabitats of different rare species. Experimental plant introductions showed that the rare species can grow to reproductive maturity over a broader range of microhabitat conditions than those in which they naturally occur. The combined influences of physiological tolerances and competitive relationships appear to be the primary determinant of species distributions at both site and microhabitat scales. If these species survive in their outcrop refugia, they may be able to reoccupy the zonal vegetation during the next period of global cooling. Thus, the high montane rock outcrops may play an important ecological role in larger landscape processes occurring over longer temporal scales. The long-term ecological role of the rare herbs is not evident from their current distribution, but rather in the context of such broader spatial and temporal processes. A hierarchical approach to habitat protection and restoration offers a practical way to place human influences within the context of broader and finer scales of influence.
机译：稀有植物的保护工作越来越多地要求恢复，而不仅仅是保护现有的生境。通过了解跨各种时空尺度发生的生态过程，可以加强恢复计划。在美国的南阿巴拉契亚山脉中，有15种稀有草药仅限于高山区岩石露头。我对六个物种的研究表明，三个主要因素的相互作用既解释了稀有草药的分布又说明了它们的衰落：（1）该物种作为北极-高山遗迹的进化历史； （2）生理耐受性和竞争关系的综合影响； （3）践踏的直接影响和植物演替的间接影响对人类的影响。在广泛的时空尺度上，与全球气候变化有关的生态过程已将以前的高山植物区系的元素限制在凉爽，潮湿的山顶上露头。访客干扰和木本植物的继承似乎是最近人口下降的主要因素。在站点内，它们的影响主要发生在单个露头的规模上，栖息地斑块根据它们在露头上的位置而受到影响。在生境斑块内部和之中，水分梯度最能区分不同稀有物种的微生境。植物实验表明，稀有物种可以在比自然发生的条件更广泛的微生境条件下生长到生殖成熟。生理耐受性和竞争关系的综合影响似乎是站点和微生境规模物种分布的主要决定因素。如果这些物种在露头庇护所中幸存下来，它们可能能够在下一个全球降温期重新占据地带植被。因此，高山区岩石露头可能在较长时间尺度上发生的较大景观过程中发挥重要的生态作用。从稀有草药的当前分布来看，它们的长期生态作用并不明显，而是在如此广泛的时空过程中。栖息地保护和恢复的分级方法提供了一种实用的方法，可以将人的影响置于更大更细的影响范围内。

著录项

  • 作者

    Johnson, Bart Reinholdt.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Georgia.;

  • 授予单位 University of Georgia.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Botany.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1995
  • 页码 p.4112
  • 总页数 229
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;
  • 关键词

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