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Utopia, where East and West meet: A comparative study of hybrid utopias in twentieth century Chinese and Western literature.

机译：东西方交汇的乌托邦：对二十世纪中西方文学中的混合乌托邦的比较研究。

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摘要

This dissertation examines a group of hybrid utopias commonly characterized by a fusion of Eastern and Western thought within the imagination of ideal societies. We delineate the foreign elements in a mixed utopian thinking, and inquire how "the other side" is represented, observing problems that arise from combinations of East and West. Dealing with East-West utopian imagery in Western literature, this study suggests four modes of expression to define its major characteristics in representing the East. These four categories include: fantasization, referentiality, pragmatic integration, and complex transformation. Discussion of East-West utopias in modern Chinese literature places emphasis on the origin of these utopias from the socio-political climate of Westernization and on their absorption of Western forms of expression, which initiated a literary Westernization in modern Chinese literature. In the general surveys that constitute the second and the third chapter of this study, we also look at East-West dystopian thought, which represents an attitude in distinction to but in affiliation with the East-West utopian imagination. Beyond the more general criticism mentioned above, this dissertation specifically probes two individual works. Wu Woyao's New Story of the Stone (Xin Shitou ji, 1905-?) depicts a technotopia, "The State of Civilization," which upholds the Enlightenment conviction of scientific progress. Politically, Wu's utopia practices a peculiar "enlightened despotism" that incorporates Confucianism with Western ideology. James Hilton's Lost Horizon (1933) projects a paradise of mixed religion and belief: Shangri-La. This utopia highlights Buddhist "passionlessness" and the virtue of "moderation" in contrast to the competitive ethics of capitalism and Western rationalization. Wu Woyao and James Hilton, representative examples of intercultural influence, expand the utopian possibilities inherent in their respective national literatures by adapting foreign ideas. These two cases bear out the thesis that the role of foreign ideas cannot be neglected in the development of any national literature or culture.
机译：本文考察了理想社会想象力中通常融合了东西方思想的特征的混合乌托邦群体。我们在混合的乌托邦思想中描绘了外来元素，并探讨了“另一面”的代表方式，观察了东西方组合产生的问题。该研究针对西方文学中的东西方乌托邦意象，提出了四种表达方式来定义其代表东方的主要特征。这四个类别包括：幻想，参考性，务实的集成和复杂的转换。在现代中国文学中对东西乌托邦的讨论着重于这些乌托邦的起源是从西方的社会政治气候及其对西方表现形式的吸收，从而引发了现代中国文学的西方化。在构成本研究第二章和第三章的一般性调查中，我们还研究了东西方反乌托邦思想，该思想代表着一种与东西方乌托邦想象力不同但又有联系的态度。除了上面提到的更普遍的批评之外，本文还专门探讨了两篇个人作品。吴我耀的《石头的新故事》（辛事透集，1905-？）描述了一种技术上的“文明状态”，它秉承了启蒙运动对科学进步的信念。在政治上，吴的乌托邦实行一种特殊的“开明专制主义”，将儒家思想与西方意识形态相结合。詹姆士·希尔顿（James Hilton）的《失落的地平线》（Lost Horizo​​n）（1933年）提出了混合宗教和信仰的天堂：香格里拉。与资本主义和西方理性化的竞争伦理相比，这种乌托邦突出了佛教徒的“无情”和“节制”的美德。跨文化影响力的代表人物伍沃耀和詹姆斯·希尔顿通过适应外国思想，扩大了各自国家文学中固有的乌托邦可能性。这两个案例证明了在任何民族文学或文化的发展中都不能忽略外国思想的作用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lee, Shuen-shing.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Washington.;

  • 授予单位 University of Washington.;
  • 学科 Literature Comparative.; Literature Asian.; Literature English.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1995
  • 页码 255 p.
  • 总页数 255
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 文学理论;
  • 关键词

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