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首页> 外文学位 >Dietary fiber/carnitine, diacylglycerol, and low glycemic index starch effects on obesity and triglyceride rich lipoprotein metabolism in dogs.
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Dietary fiber/carnitine, diacylglycerol, and low glycemic index starch effects on obesity and triglyceride rich lipoprotein metabolism in dogs.

机译：膳食纤维/肉碱，二酰基甘油和低血糖指数淀粉对狗的肥胖和富含甘油三酸酯的脂蛋白代谢的影响。

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摘要

Obesity is the most common clinical disorder and is associated with various medical conditions in dogs. Appropriate dietary management potentially provides weight loss in a safe, healthy, and efficacious manner. In order to elucidate whether dietary fiber, carnitine, diacylglycerol (DAG), and low glycemic index (LGI) act on such dietary components, a series of studies was conducted: (1) the combination of dietary fiber/carnitine effect on short term (3 and 7 h) satiety and long term (6 weeks) canine weight loss, (2) the combination of dietary LGI/high glycemic index (HGI) starches and DAG/triacylglycerol (TAG) effect during a 9 week canine weight loss period, and (3) the DAG effect on triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism isolated from canine plasma 3-4 h postprandially.;The combination of dietary fiber/carnitine supplementation decreased both food and energy intake at 3 h post-feeding, suggesting that this combination diet provided 3 h post-meal satiety. This combination supplement also increased postprandial plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) at d 42 and body fat and weight loss at d 42 from baseline. This combination supplement did not alter plasma vitamin A distributions or concentrations although it contained high vitamin A as β-carotene. In the second study, the LGI diets resulted in a more pronounced body weight loss than the HGI diets due to lower diet digestibilities. These data are consistent with LGI diets decreasing metabolizable energy and consequently consuming less energy compared to the HGI diets. The DAG diets lowered postprandial plasma TAG at weeks 1 and 8 in and increased plasma BHB at week 8, suggesting an increase in fat oxidation. The combination of DAG/LGI decreased postprandial total cholesterol at week 8. Lipoprotein concentrations were not altered by diet types. Fasting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities were not affected by diets. In the final study, DAG ingestion decreased TRL and plasma TAG concentrations vs. TAG ingestion. The DAG enriched meal increased non-esterified fatty acid, monoacylglycerol, and 1,3-DAG and decreased TAG in TRLs which may be attributed to larger TRL particle size compared to the TAG meal. Consequently, the DAG derived TRLs showed increased affinity of core TAG for LPL and HL in vitro. Moreover, the intravenous injection of the DAG derived canine TRLs into mice underwent more rapid blood clearance associated with the greater hepatic uptake compared to the TAG derived TRL injection.;In conclusion, the combination of dietary fiber/carnitine and DAG/LGI preferably reduced body weight and stimulated fat oxidation, which promotes overall weight loss. The postprandial plasma TAG lowering effect of DAG is the result, at least partially, from the efficient clearance of TRLs from blood circulation and their ability to act as a more efficient substrate for plasma lipolytic enzymes.
机译：肥胖是最常见的临床疾病，并且与狗的各种医学状况有关。适当的饮食管理有可能以安全，健康和有效的方式减轻体重。为了阐明膳食纤维，肉碱，二酰基甘油（DAG）和低血糖指数（LGI）是否对此类膳食成分起作用，进行了一系列研究：（1）膳食纤维/肉碱对短期的影响相结合（ 3和7 h）饱足感和长期（6周）的犬体重减轻，（2）在9周的犬体重减轻期间，饮食LGI /高血糖指数（HGI）淀粉和DAG /三酰甘油（TAG）的作用相结合， （3）DAG对餐后3-4小时从犬血浆中分离出的富含甘油三酸酯的脂蛋白（TRL）代谢的影响。;膳食纤维/肉碱的联合添加在喂食后3 h减少了食物和能量的摄入，这表明餐后3小时提供混合饮食。该组合补充剂还使第42天时的餐后血浆β-羟基丁酸酯（BHB）升高，而第42天时的体脂和体重减轻也较基线升高。尽管该组合补充剂含有高水平的维生素A作为β-胡萝卜素，但并未改变血浆维生素A的分布或浓度。在第二项研究中，由于较低的饮食消化率，LGI饮食导致的体重减轻比HGI饮食更为明显。这些数据与LGI日粮降低了代谢能并因此比HGI日粮消耗的能量少。 DAG饮食在第1周和第8周降低了餐后血浆TAG，而在第8周降低了血浆BHB，表明脂肪氧化增加。 DAG / LGI的组合在第8周时可降低餐后总胆固醇。脂蛋白浓度不会因饮食类型而改变。空腹脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）和肝脂肪酶（HL）的活动不受饮食的影响。在最终研究中，与TAG摄入相比，DAG摄入降低了TRL和血浆TAG浓度。富含DAG的粗粉会增加非酯化脂肪酸，单酰基甘油和1,3-DAG的含量，并降低TRL中的TAG，这可能是因为与TAG粗粉相比，TRL粒径更大。因此，DAG衍生的TRL在体外显示核心TAG对LPL和HL的亲和力增加。此外，与TAG衍生的TRL注射相比，静脉注射DAG衍生的犬TRL进入小鼠的血液清除速度更快，与肝脏摄取量更大有关。总之，膳食纤维/肉碱和DAG / LGI的组合可减轻体重重和刺激脂肪氧化，从而促进整体减肥。 DAG餐后血浆TAG降低的作用至少部分是由于TRL从血液循环中的有效清除以及它们充当血浆脂解酶的更有效底物的能力所致。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mitsuhashi, Yuka.;

  • 作者单位

    Texas A&M University.;

  • 授予单位 Texas A&M University.;
  • 学科 Health Sciences Nutrition.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 186 p.
  • 总页数 186
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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