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Virologic, serologic and pathogenic characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

机译：猪生殖和呼吸综合症病毒的病毒学，血清学和病原学特征。

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) has been recognized since 1987 in the U.S. swine industry. Little was known about the disease except that it caused severe economic losses due to reproductive failure in breeding swine and respiratory problems in piglets. The objectives were to define the cause of the syndrome, to characterize the isolates during the early stage, to develop serological methods and to understand pathogenic characteristics of PRRS virus infection in swine. Isolation of the causative virus was possible using porcine alveolar macrophage cultures. The syndrome was reproduced in young pigs and pregnant sows by experimental infection with an isolate, and major properties of the isolates were investigated. An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test was developed for the detection of antibody to PRRS virus in swine sera. The assay was found to be simple to perform, and the results were highly sensitive and specific. Using the IFA, high prevalence of PRRS virus infection in the U.S. swine farms was confirmed. The growth of different PRRS virus isolates was demonstrated on a permissive clone of MA-104 cell line. A plaque method using the cell clone was standardized and proven useful for virus purification and differentiation of virus variants. Serum neutralization (SN) test was modified to improve its sensitivity. The modified SN method detected antibody earlier, and the method could be used to differentiate the serogroups of PRRS virus isolates. Virus infection and shedding from pigs infected or placed in contact at different intervals with infected pigs was investigated. The results indicated that different management practices could reduce the opportunity for pig-to-pig transmission of PRRS virus on endemically infected farms. Pathogenic differences between PRRS virus isolates in pregnant sows were described. The ability of the 3 PRRS virus isolates to cause transplacental infection was successfully demonstrated but fetal pathogenicity varied among the viruses. These results support the prevalence of different pathogenic PRRS virus strains under field conditions. From these studies, a better understanding of virologic, serologic and pathogenic characteristics of PRRS virus is achieved.
机译：自1987年以来，猪繁殖与呼吸综合症（PRRS）在美国养猪业中得到了认可。人们对这种疾病知之甚少，除了它由于种猪繁殖失败和仔猪的呼吸系统问题而造成严重的经济损失。目的是确定综合征的病因，在早期阶段鉴定分离株，开发血清学方法并了解猪PRRS病毒感染的致病特征。使用猪肺泡巨噬细胞培养物可能分离出致病病毒。通过用分离株进行实验性感染，在幼猪和怀孕母猪中复制了该综合征，并研究了分离株的主要特性。开发了一种间接荧光抗体（IFA）测试，用于检测猪血清中的PRRS病毒抗体。发现该测定法易于执行，并且结果高度灵敏且特异。使用IFA，证实了美国养猪场PRRS病毒感染的高流行。在允许的MA-104细胞株克隆中证实了不同PRRS病毒分离株的生长。使用细胞克隆的噬菌斑方法已标准化，并被证明可用于病毒纯化和病毒变异体的分化。修改了血清中和（SN）测试以提高其敏感性。改进的SN方法可以更早地检测到抗体，该方法可用于区分PRRS病毒分离株的血清群。研究了感染猪或与感染猪以不同间隔接触的猪的病毒感染和脱落情况。结果表明，不同的管理方法可以减少PRRS病毒在地方性感染农场中从猪到猪的传播机会。描述了PRRS病毒分离株在怀孕母猪之间的致病性差异。已成功证明了3种PRRS病毒分离株引起胎盘感染的能力，但胎儿致病性随病毒的不同而不同。这些结果支持在野外条件下不同致病性PRRS病毒株的流行。通过这些研究，可以更好地了解PRRS病毒的病毒学，血清学和病原学特征。

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