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首页> 外文学位 >The ecological and social sustainability of Miskito subsistence in the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras: The cultural ecology of swidden horticulturalists in a protected area.
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The ecological and social sustainability of Miskito subsistence in the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras: The cultural ecology of swidden horticulturalists in a protected area.

机译：洪都拉斯里约普拉塔诺生物圈保护区Miskito生存的生态和社会可持续性：受保护地区的园艺师的文化生态。

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摘要

The sustainability of small-scale subsistence systems is important for the livelihood security of indigenous peoples and the success of biosphere reserves containing indigenous inhabitants. For these reasons, fieldwork was conducted during 13 months in 1991 and 1992 to assess the subsistence sustainability of a coastal Miskito community, Belen, now located within the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve in eastern Honduras. Recognized as a World Heritage Site, the Reserve was created in 1980 and contains rainforest, pine savanna, lacustrine, and marine environments. In Belen, Miskito subsistence focuses on swidden agriculture complemented by fishing, gathering, care of domestic animals, and minimal hunting. Miskito males also work for wages as divers and canoemen in the Honduran lobster export industry. Field methods in Belen included a census of all 55 households (431 persons), time allocation observations on all households, reproductive history interviews with 77 mothers, agricultural interviews with 40 household heads, anthropometric measurement of 123 school children, and interviews with lobster divers.;Social sustainability has to do with how well people live, whereas ecological sustainability has to do with the balance of population and environment through time. The Miskito subsistence system is assessed as socially sustainable (i.e., it provides a relatively good living), but ecologically unsustainable over the long term. Children maintain good nutritional status (weight-for-height), though they are short for their ages. Life expectancy is 60 years for females, 54 years for males; the infant mortality rate is 88 deaths per 1,000 live births--rates similar to those for Honduras nationally.;Miskito subsistence is ecologically unsustainable over the long term because of high population growth and deforestation by agriculture. Four demographic analyses indicate rapid population growth at a rate of 3.7% per year with a doubling time of 18.6 years. Swidden agriculture causes deforestation since 37% of each year's cultivation area is cut from primary forest. A formal model combining data on population growth, swidden cycles, and deforestation patterns indicates that Belen will run out of arable lands in 60 years. However, the model also quantifies the ameliorating effects of development interventions for slowing rates of population growth (with family planning) and deforestation (by use of green manures to shorten fallow times).
机译：小规模生活系统的可持续性对于土著人民的生计安全以及包含土著居民的生物圈保护区的成功至关重要。由于这些原因，在1991年和1992年的13个月中进行了实地调查，以评估现在位于洪都拉斯东部里约普拉塔诺生物圈保护区内的贝伦沿海Miskito社区的生存可持续性。该保护区被公认为世界遗产，创建于1980年，包含雨林，松大草原，湖泊和海洋环境。在贝伦（Belen），米斯基托人（Miskito）的生存重点是水耕农业，辅之以捕鱼，采集，饲养家畜和最小化狩猎。 Miskito雄性在洪都拉斯龙虾出口行业中也作为潜水员和独木舟的工资工作。贝伦的实地调查方法包括对所有55户家庭（431人）的普查，对所有家庭的时间分配观察，对77位母亲的生殖史访谈，对40位户主的农业访谈，对123名学童的人体测量学以及对龙虾潜水员的访谈。 ；社会可持续性与人们的生活水平有关，而生态可持续性与人口与环境在时间上的平衡有关。 Miskito生计系统被评估为具有社会可持续性（即，它提供了相对良好的生活），但长期而言在生态上是不可持续的。儿童虽然年龄矮小，但仍保持良好的营养状况（身高体重）。女性的预期寿命为60岁，男性为54岁；婴儿死亡率为每千名活产婴儿88例死亡，与全国洪都拉斯的死亡率相近。由于人口的快速增长和农业的砍伐森林，Miskito的生存在长期内在生态上不可持续。四个人口统计分析表明，人口以每年3.7％的速度快速增长，时间是18.6年的两倍。由于每年37％的耕种面积都是从原始森林中砍伐的，水耕农业造成了森林砍伐。结合人口增长，轮回周期和森林砍伐模式数据的正式模型表明，贝伦将在60年内耗尽耕地。但是，该模型还量化了发展干预措施对减缓人口增长率（通过计划生育）和森林砍伐（通过使用绿肥来缩短休耕时间）的改善效果。

著录项

  • 作者

    Dodds, David John.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Los Angeles.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Los Angeles.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Cultural.;Agriculture Forestry and Wildlife.;Sociology Demography.;Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1994
  • 页码 600 p.
  • 总页数 600
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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