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Technological innovation, industrial evolution and economic growth.

机译：技术创新，产业发展和经济增长。

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摘要

This dissertation investigates the determinants of the extent of technological change and its role in the process of economic growth. The first chapter identifies competition in research and development and in output markets as key determinants of the intensity of R&D efforts. These efforts are then shown to determine the pace of technological change and of industrial evolution. The extent of competition in an industry is endogenously derived and relationships between this variable and research efforts, prices and quantities produced, profitability, and input demands are derived. An empirical examination of some of these relationships is also undertaken. The second chapter develops a general equilibrium model of an economy with imperfect competition to study the relative roles played in the economic growth process by investments in physical capital and in R&D. Even when competitive forces prevent the implementation of the results of most of the research that takes place, it is shown that the long run rate of economic growth is positively dependent on both the extent of competition and firm research intensities. These variables, and therefore the rate of economic growth, are demonstrated to be affected by fiscal policy. A reduction of government, with lower wage taxes, is shown to increase competition and research intensities leading to a higher growth rate in the steady state. However, the immediate impact of such a policy is demonstrated to be in the opposite direction, with a prolonged period of lower growth rates of output and capital during a transition phase. The third chapter examines the externality generated by newly created goods on research efforts. This positive externality, in the form of a knowledge spillover, is shown to be vital to obtain sustained growth. The presence of even tiny imitation costs and strong price competition are shown to preclude such spillovers and thereby bring growth to a halt. Government through a tax-subsidy system aimed at disseminating newly created knowledge can, however, revive economic growth. The optimal level of such a tax scheme, in terms of maximizing the rate of economic growth, is derived and characterized.
机译：本文研究了技术变革程度及其在经济增长过程中的作用的决定因素。第一章将研发和产出市场中的竞争确定为研发力度的关键决定因素。这些努力表明了技术变革和产业发展的步伐。行业竞争的程度是内生的，并且此变量与研究工作，生产的价格和数量，盈利能力和投入需求之间也存在关系。还对其中一些关系进行了实证研究。第二章建立了具有不完全竞争的经济的一般均衡模型，以研究实物资本和研发投资在经济增长过程中的相对作用。即使竞争力量阻碍了大多数研究成果的实施，事实也表明，长期的经济增长速度也正好取决于竞争程度和公司研究强度。这些变量以及因此的经济增长率被证明受财政政策的影响。政府的减少和较低的工资税被证明会增加竞争和研究强度，从而导致稳态下的较高增长率。然而，事实证明，这种政策的直接影响是相反的，在过渡阶段，产出和资本增长率长期处于较低水平。第三章研究了新产品在研究工作中产生的外部性。这种积极的外部性，以知识溢出的形式，被证明对于获得持续增长至关重要。甚至很小的仿制成本和激烈的价格竞争也可以防止这种溢出，从而阻止增长。但是，政府通过旨在传播新创造的知识的税收补贴制度，可以恢复经济增长。从最大化经济增长率的角度出发，对这种税收计划的最佳水平进行了推导和表征。

著录项

  • 作者

    Panth, Sanjaya Prashad.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Pennsylvania.;

  • 授予单位 University of Pennsylvania.;
  • 学科 Economics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1994
  • 页码 119 p.
  • 总页数 119
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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