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首页> 外文学位 >A comprehensive dissolved oxygen model for temperate dimictic eutrophic lakes.
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A comprehensive dissolved oxygen model for temperate dimictic eutrophic lakes.

机译：温带富营养化湖泊的综合溶解氧模型。

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This dissertation addressed the development, testing and application of a mathematical model for simulating dissolved oxygen in Onondaga Lake (Syracuse, NY). With this study, the state-of-the-art in lake water quality modeling is advanced in following ways: (a) oxygen exchange at the air-water interface, an important mechanism of oxygen recovery in lakes, is determined on a whole lake basis, (b) lake-wide data on accumulation of reduced chemical species (methane, sulfides, ammonia, and ferrous iron) are utilized to understand the phenomena of sediment oxygen demand and hypolimnetic oxygen depletion, and (c) the oxidation of reduced chemical species, a significant sink of oxygen during summer in lower mixed layer and during fall turnover, are grouped into a single oxygen demanding term to facilitate the development of a predictive submodel of reduced species.; Observations of dissolved oxygen levels in Onondaga Lake during the fall recovery period and local wind were used to develop an empirical relationship between wind speed and liquid film transfer coefficient.; The rates of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) were determined by direct laboratory measurements (1.68 {dollar}pm{dollar} 0.56 gO{dollar}sb2cdot{dollar}m{dollar}sp{lcub}-2{rcub}cdot{dollar}d{dollar}sp{lcub}-1{rcub}{dollar}) and by inference from observing the sediment flux of reduced chemical species (1.64 {dollar}pm{dollar} 0.14 gO{dollar}sb2cdot{dollar}m{dollar}sp{lcub}-2{rcub}cdot{dollar}d{dollar}sp{lcub}-1{rcub}{dollar}) as accumulation in the hypolimnion. Rates of SOD closely approximated the lake's hypolimnetic oxygen deficit.; The relative importance of various oxygen sinks during the fall depletion period was quantified from the model. The analysis suggested that recovery of the lake's oxygen resources would be mediated to the greatest degree by the fate of the sediment reservoir of particulate organic matter as opposed to those features of water column which exhibit a more rapid response to remediation measures.; The model was used to evaluate two remediation alternatives: (a) partial diversion of Syracuse metropolitan wastewater treatment plant effluent (METRO) with increased nitrification and (b) complete elimination of the METRO discharge. Modest improvements in the oxygen resources of the lake were predicted for the alternative "a" with occasional Lake-wide violations during the fall mixing period. Alternative "b" offered a very significant improvement with no violations of the oxygen standard. A time of about one decade was estimated when the improvements would be discernible.
机译：本文探讨了模拟奥诺达加湖（纽约州锡拉库扎）中溶解氧的数学模型的开发，测试和应用。通过这项研究，通过以下方式改进了湖泊水质建模的最新技术：（a）确定了整个湖泊中空气-水界面处的氧气交换，这是湖泊中氧气回收的重要机制。在此基础上，（b）利用全湖区有关还原性化学物质（甲烷，硫化物，氨和二价铁）积累的数据来了解沉积物需氧量和低氧氧气消耗现象，以及（c）还原性化学物质的氧化在夏季，较低混合层和秋季周转期间，大量的氧气汇聚到了一个物种中，这些物种被归为一个单一的需氧量，以促进减少物种预测性子模型的发展。利用秋天恢复期的奥农达加湖溶解氧水平和局部风的观测来建立风速和液膜传递系数之间的经验关系。沉积物需氧量（SOD）的速率是通过直接实验室测量确定的（1.68 {pm} pm {dollar} 0.56 gO {dollar} sb2cdot {dollar} m {dollar} sp {lcub} -2 {rcub} cdot {dollar} d {dollar} sp {lcub} -1 {rcub} {dollar}），并通过观察还原化学物种（1.64 {dollar} pm {dollar} 0.14 gO {dollar} sb2cdot {dollar} m {dollar } sp {lcub} -2 {rcub} cdot {dollar} d {dollar} sp {lcub} -1 {rcub} {dollar}）在次层线中的积累。 SOD的速率非常接近湖泊的低边际氧缺乏。从模型中量化了秋季消耗期间各种氧气汇的相对重要性。分析表明，湖泊中氧气资源的恢复将最大程度地由颗粒状有机物的沉积物储库的命运来调节，这与水柱对补救措施的反应较快的特征相反。该模型用于评估两种补救措施：（a）硝化作用增强的锡拉丘兹大都会污水处理厂废水（METRO）的部分转移，以及（b）完全消除METRO排放。预计在秋季混水期中，替代“ a”会略有改善湖泊的氧气资源，在整个湖泊中有时会受到违反。替代品“ b”提供了非常重要的改进，没有违反氧气标准。据估计，改进的时间大约为十年。

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