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首页> 外文学位 >Phylogenetics and morphological evolution of the Dicnemonaceae (mosses, order: Dicranales). Phylogenetics and evolution of the Hylocomiaceae (mosses, order: Hypnales).
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Phylogenetics and morphological evolution of the Dicnemonaceae (mosses, order: Dicranales). Phylogenetics and evolution of the Hylocomiaceae (mosses, order: Hypnales).

机译：鞭毛科的系统发育学和形态进化（苔藓，顺序：双龙类）。绣球花科的系统发育和进化（苔藓，顺序：Hypnales）。

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摘要

Part I. The phylogeny of the Dicnemonaceae is reconstructed by cladistic analysis on ontogenetic and morphological data. The monophyly of this family is supported by uniquely derived structures of endospores and nematogenes. Based on the reconstructed phylogeny, the homology hypothesis of calyptra, struma, and leaf-rhizoids is tested by Patterson's tests of similarity, conjunction, and congruence. Hetreochronic evolutionary processes are invoked to explain the origins of evolutionary novelties and homoplasies. Tentative hypotheses of adaptation are proposed using Baum & Larson's (1991) phylogenetic methodology. In order to test these hypotheses more experimental studies on functional morphology of mosses are required.;Part II. The phylogeny of the Hylocomiaceae is reconstructed by cladistic analysis on morphological (ontogenetic) and molecular data. The variation of thirty-two morphological characters, including ontogenetic data of paraphyllia, central strands, and axillary hairs, is observed and polarized by outgroup comparisons. Cladistic analysis indicates that eight genera constitute the Hylocomiaceae, which is characterized by sympodial growth-form with a reversal to monopodial type in Orontobryum.;Internal spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the noncoding rbcL-atpB spacer of the chloroplast are sequenced and aligned. Based on ITS sequence, seven genera are recognized in the Hylocomiaceae. The chloroplast spacer appears to be conservative and provides insufficient insight into the phylogeny of Hylocomiaceae. Nevertheless, the combined molecular data offers a complementary power to resolve the phylogeny at species as well as higher taxonomic levels.;The topology obtained from morphological data appears to be incongruent with those from molecular sequences. Templeton's nonparametric tests are used to test the taxonomic congruence and alternative taxonomic hypotheses. Although the tree obtained from the chloroplast spacer is not congruent with that of ITS sequences, when Templeton's test is conducted at generic level, the difference between two trees is not significant statistically. Moreover, the combined molecular data support an identical topology as does ITS sequences, which appear to be suboptimal tree to most data sets.;Thelia is indicated to be a genus of the Hylocomiaceae by the molecular systematics. It occupies an epiphytic adaptive zone. In contrast, other taxa in this family occupy the terrestrial adaptive zone. Based on the reconstructed phylogeny, the horn-like paraphyllia in the Hylocomiaceae appear to be derived from their common ancestor. The horn-like paraphyllia transformed into a peculiar type with lacinate margins, which occur in Thelia.
机译：第一部分。通过对个体发育和形态学数据进行分类分析，重现了犬齿科的系统发育。该家族的单亲物种由内生孢子和线虫的独特衍生结构所支持。基于重构的系统发育，通过帕特森的相似性，合取性和同余性检验检验了花萼，茎和叶类根瘤的同源性假设。时变进化过程被用来解释进化新奇和同质的起源。使用Baum＆Larson（1991）的系统发育方法提出了适应性的暂定假设。为了检验这些假设，需要对苔藓的功能形态进行更多的实验研究。通过对形态学（本体遗传学）和分子数据进行分类分析，重建了绣球花科的系统发育。观察到32种形态特征的变化，包括亲缘植物，中央链和腋毛的个体发育数据，并通过群体比较将其极化。克拉德分析表明，八叶菊科为八属，其特征是在斜纹夜蛾中呈向反的单脚型的向生生长形式;对核糖体DNA的内部间隔区和叶绿体的非编码rbcL-atpB间隔区进行测序和比对。根据ITS序列，在菊科中识别出七个属。叶绿体间隔物似乎是保守的，并且不足以了解球果科的系统发育。然而，结合的分子数据为解决物种以及更高的生物分类学水平上的系统发育提供了补充的能力。从形态学数据获得的拓扑似乎与从分子序列获得的拓扑不一致。 Templeton的非参数检验用于检验分类一致性和替代分类假设。尽管从叶绿体间隔区获得的树与ITS序列的树不完全相同，但是在通用级别进行Templeton检验时，两棵树之间的差异在统计上并不显着。此外，结合的分子数据与ITS序列具有相同的拓扑结构，对于大多数数据集而言，这似乎不是最理想的树。分子系统显示，Thelia是金眼科的一个属。它占据了附生适应区。相反，该家族中的其他分类单元占据了陆地适应区。基于重建的系统发育，绣球花科的角状旁生叶似乎来自其共同祖先。牛角状的旁生植物转化为奇特的类型，其边缘有棘齿状，发生在Thelia。

著录项

  • 作者

    Chiang, Tzen-Yuh.;

  • 作者单位

    Washington University in St. Louis.;

  • 授予单位 Washington University in St. Louis.;
  • 学科 Biology Botany.;Biology Ecology.;Biology Molecular.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1994
  • 页码 351 p.
  • 总页数 351
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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