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Time and frequency domain analysis of thunderstorm-associated narrow bipolar electromagnetic pulses and cloud-to-ground lightning fields.

机译:雷暴相关的窄双极电磁脉冲和云对地雷场的时域和频域分析。

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Single-station electric field (E) and electric field derivative (dE/dt) waveforms were recorded at digitization rates up to 400 MS/s during 1989 and 1990 at the Kennedy Space Center. Narrow bipolar pulses (NBP's) were found to occur separate from typical lightning events, but to be thunderstorm related. Frequency spectra for E obtained from NBP's dropped at a rate of close to 1/f up to 125 MHz. In comparison, the frequency spectra reported by Willett et al. (1989) for similar pulses dropped as 1/f up to about 20 MHz and became flat afterwards up to their 50 MHz Nyquist frequency. NBP's contained higher energy than return strokes above 10-20 MHz. NBP Spectra found from the output of digitally simulated narrowband receivers tended to underestimate the wideband frequency spectra by as much as 10 dB, indicating that the spectra obtained using narrowband receivers are unreliable.; Initial E-field peaks of NBP's had a mean rise time of 1.38 {dollar}mu{dollar}s. Large positive dE/dt pulses had a mean half width of 7 ns, much shorter than the 49 ns reported by Willett et al. (1989).; The existence of a single process responsible for VHF radiation from lightning, such as that proposed by Labaune et al. (1990), was tested using deconvolution methods on the NBP waveforms. Our analysis failed to identify a single basic component in these pulses.; Electric fields from lightning strikes at distances within 1-2 km consistently exhibited a chaotic behavior during the stepped leader, whereas distant stepped leaders did not. This "chaos" ranged from pulses occurring at rates close to one pulse per {dollar}mu{dollar}s to a continuous noise-like high frequency signal with frequency components extending beyond 120 MHz.; In agreement with other reports in the literature, we found that HF radiation following return strokes peaked 20-30 {dollar}mu{dollar}s after the onset of the return stroke, and persisted for several tens of microseconds after the peak. However, the short propagation path (less than 7.5 km) over salt water does not support the widely accepted hypothesis that the delayed peak arises as a result of propagation effects.
机译:在1989年和1990年期间,肯尼迪航天中心以高达400 MS / s的数字化速率记录了单站电场(E)和电场导数(dE / dt)波形。发现窄双极脉冲(NBP)与典型的闪电事件分开发生,但与雷暴有关。从NBP获得的E的频谱以接近1 / f的速率下降到125 MHz。相比之下,Willett等人报道的频谱。 (1989年),对于类似的脉冲,在大约20 MHz处下降为1 / f,之后在其50 MHz奈奎斯特频率处变得平坦。 NBP包含的能量高于10-20 MHz以上的回程。从数字模拟窄带接收机的输出中发现的NBP频谱倾向于低估宽带频谱多达10 dB,这表明使用窄带接收机获得的频谱不可靠。 NBP的初始电场峰值的平均上升时间为1.38 {mu}。大的正dE / dt脉冲的平均半宽度为7 ns,比Willett等人报道的49 ns短得多。 (1989)。存在单个过程负责雷电的VHF辐射,例如Labaune等人提出的方法。 (1990年),使用反卷积方法对NBP波形进行了测试。我们的分析未能确定这些脉冲中的单个基本成分。 1-2公里范围内雷击产生的电场始终表现出在踩踏领导者时的混乱行为,而远处的踩踏领导者则没有。这种“混乱”的范围从以接近每μs一个脉冲的速率出现的脉冲到频率分量超过120 MHz的连续的类似噪声的高频信号。与文献中的其他报道相一致,我们发现,在中风发生后,中风后的HF辐射达到峰值20-30 {μm} s,并在峰值后持续数十微秒。但是,盐水上的短传播路径(小于7.5 km)不支持被广泛接受的假设,即传播效应导致出现延迟峰。

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