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An American energy contradiction: Policy orientation and residential sector energy conservation in the United States.

机译：美国的能源矛盾：美国的政策导向和住宅部门节能。

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This dissertation argues that the underutilization of energy conservation options is the result of an antagonistic policy environment that favors supply over savings. It is further argued that when a constructive policy orientation is put in place, even at a modest level, energy conservation achievements are substantial and increase beyond what can be explained by intervening non-policy factors.;The research examines the role of energy policy since the Second World War. It identifies a national policy orientation of energy abundance in which energy consumption is equated with social progress. This policy orientation has led the United States to focus on energy supply issues. As a result, the residential sector, which is consumption-based, has attracted little national policy interest.;An empirical analysis of the role of policy orientation towards energy conservation was conducted using the American federalist structure of policy implementation. This research concentrates on a 16-year period from 1970 to 1986--including the two major world energy crises--and compares predicted and actual energy savings in the residential sector among states grouped according to the level of their commitment to energy conservation. The major findings are: (1) state energy consumption growth was inversely related to state activism in developing and implementing conservation-oriented policies; (2) the effect of state policy orientation was consistent over time and across the states according to the degree of conservation policy commitment; (3) if states rated as low and medium in their conservation policy commitments had behaved as the high conservation commitment states did, there would have been an additional energy savings of over six quads between 1978 and 1986 in the residential sector. This is equivalent to a five percent reduction in imported energy used during that period, and would have resulted in average annual savings of over ;This research concludes by identifying a national policy agenda that would promote energy conservation in the United States and defines the role of federal, state, and local levels of implementation.
机译：本文认为，节能选择的利用不足是政策环境不利于供应，而非储蓄的结果。进一步的论证是，即使采取适度的建设性政策取向，即使在适度的水平上，节能成就也是可观的，并且超出了干预非政策因素所能解释的范围。第二次世界大战。它确定了能源富裕的国家政策取向，其中能源消耗等于社会进步。这种政策导向导致美国专注于能源供应问题。结果，以消费为基础的住宅部门几乎没有引起国家政策兴趣。；使用美国联邦主义的政策实施结构，对政策导向对节能的作用进行了实证分析。这项研究的重点是从1970年到1986年的16年期间-包括世界上两次重大的能源危机-并根据各州对节能的承诺水平，比较了各州居民住宅部门的预计和实际节能量。主要发现是：（1）在制定和实施节约型政策时，国家能源消耗的增长与国家行动主义成反比； （2）根据保护政策承诺的程度，国家政策导向的效果在一段时间内和整个州之间是一致的； （3）如果在保护政策承诺中被评为低和中等的州表现得与在高保护承诺中的州一样，那么在1978年至1986年之间，住宅部门将另外节省超过六分之四的能源。这相当于在此期间减少了5％的进口能源使用量，平均每年可节省超过5％的费用。本研究通过确定可促进美国节能的国家政策议程得出结论，并确定了美国的节能作用。联邦，州和地方的实施级别。

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