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The role of selective attention in the perception of multiple-element visual arrays: Cognitive and neural mechanisms.

机译：选择性注意在多元素视觉阵列感知中的作用：认知和神经机制。

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摘要

The identification of objects embedded within complex, multiple-element visual stimulus arrays poses a significant computational problem. In order to solve this problem, the primate visual system appears to employ mechanisms of spatial selective attention that restrict processing to a subset of the visual input. These attentional mechanisms were examined by means of event-related potential (ERP) recordings that were obtained while subjects performed visual search tasks.;When subjects searched for a target defined by the absence of a particular feature, the amplitude and latency of the P3 component varied in a manner that was consistent with the serial application of an attentional process to each item in the stimulus array. When targets were defined by the presence of this feature, in contrast, the pattern of results was consistent with a parallel detection process. Some investigators have proposed that this parallel detection process does not involve spatially focused attention, but several signs of spatial selective attention were observed during feature detection tasks in additional experiments, indicating that some spatially selective processes are used regardless of target type.;In these search experiments, several ERP components were found to reflect various aspects of visual processing. One of these components, called "N2pc", was observed only for stimulus arrays containing both an item that required discrimination and competing distractor items, suggesting that the N2pc reflects a process that selects one item for identification and filters out information from surrounding distractor items. This component appears to be generated in posterior visual cortex and is contingent upon a preliminary, task-controlled analysis of the stimulus array. Together, these findings suggest that spatial attention operates by sending feedback signals from higher cortical areas to lower cortical areas in order to select one item and suppress the others. Consistent with this hypothesis, ERPs elicited by task-irrelevant probe stimuli were found to be enhanced for probes presented at the location of a target item and suppressed for probes presented at the locations of distractor items. These results provide support at the neural level for guided search models of visual search performance and for early selection models of visual-spatial selective attention.
机译：嵌入在复杂的多元素视觉刺激阵列中的对象的识别带来了重大的计算问题。为了解决该问题，灵长类动物视觉系统似乎采用了空间选择性注意机制，该机制将处理限制在视觉输入的子集上。这些注意力机制是通过在受试者执行视觉搜索任务时获得的事件相关电位（ERP）记录进行检查的;当受试者搜索由于缺乏特定功能而定义的目标时，P3成分的振幅和潜伏期变化的方式与对刺激数组中每个项目的注意过程的串行应用相一致。相反，当通过此功能的存在定义目标时，结果的模式与并行检测过程一致。一些研究者提出，这种并行检测过程不涉及空间集中注意力，但是在其他实验中的特征检测任务中观察到了空间选择性注意的几个迹象，表明无论目标类型如何，都使用了一些空间选择性过程。通过实验，发现几个ERP组件可以反映视觉处理的各个方面。仅在包含需要区分的项和竞争性干扰项的刺激阵列中观察到这些组件之一，称为“ N2pc”，这表明N2pc反映了选择一个项进行标识并从周围干扰项中过滤掉信息的过程。该成分似乎在后部视觉皮层中产生，并取决于对刺激阵列进行初步的，任务控制的分析。总之，这些发现表明，空间注意力是通过将反馈信号从较高的皮质区域发送到较低的皮质区域来起作用的，以便选择一项并压制其他项。与该假设相一致，发现与任务无关的探针刺激引起的ERP对于在目标物品位置出现的探针会增强，而在干扰物位置出现的探针会受到抑制。这些结果在神经层次上为视觉搜索性能的指导搜索模型和视觉空间选择性注意的早期选择模型提供了支持。

著录项

  • 作者

    Luck, Steven John.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, San Diego.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, San Diego.;
  • 学科 Biology Neuroscience.;Psychology Experimental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1993
  • 页码 258 p.
  • 总页数 258
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 神经科学;心理学;
  • 关键词

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