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首页> 外文学位 >Acoustic velocity and attenuation of rocks: Isotropy, intrinsic anisotropy, and stress-induced anisotropy.
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Acoustic velocity and attenuation of rocks: Isotropy, intrinsic anisotropy, and stress-induced anisotropy.

机译：岩石的声速和衰减：各向同性，固有各向异性和应力引起的各向异性。

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摘要

Acoustic properties of reservoir rocks depend in complex ways on many physical parameters, only some of which are independent of each other. An improved understanding of the interrelationships among rock acoustic properties and petrophysical parameters has been essential to merge geophysical observations with petrophysical parameters for refined characterization of geological subsurface structures and elaborated petroleum reservoir exploration.; This dissertation presents results from new studies of geophysical and petrophysical properties of sedimentary rocks via sophisticated experiments and physical modeling approaches that investigate isotropic, intrinsic anisotropic and stress-induced anisotropic properties of rocks.; An extensive series of experiments on unconsolidated sand-clay mixtures and glass-beads were designed, and the results revealed a few rigorous relationships among porosity and clay-content, permeability and clay-content, cementation and porosity, and their effects on the acoustic properties at various confining pressures under both dry and saturated conditions. Consequently, a new physical concept, namely "critical porosity", was devised and discussed.; Acoustic velocity and attenuation anisotropy of shaly rocks were studied through a series of experiments not only because many shaly rocks hold intrinsic anisotropy but also because elastic properties of shaly rocks have been difficult to predict and have been a challenging subject in rockphysics. In three sets of Freeman Jewett Shale samples, the intrinsic transverse isotropic pattern was observed under both dry and saturated condition. More importantly, the time-dependent variations of acoustic velocity and attenuation during pore-pressure equilibrium led to a new method of hydraulic permeability measurement to those low permeable rock samples. The dynamic measurements on these shale samples under various controlled high pore-pressures have provided insight to the applicability of effective pressure theory to low permeable rocks.; Finally, stress-induced velocity and attenuation anisotropy were examined via an experimental apparatus that applied true three-dimensional polyaxial loading to eight different rock samples. The results suggest that stress-induced anisotropy is a function of finite strain. Thus, the three-dimensional stress pattern may be more readily inferred from dynamic acoustic anisotropy in soft rocks than does in hard rocks. A pseudo-hodogram method was developed to visualize the relationship between the three-dimensional attenuation anisotropy and the three-dimensional stress pattern.
机译：储层岩石的声学特性以复杂的方式取决于许多物理参数，只有其中一些是相互独立的。更好地理解岩石声学特性与岩石物理参数之间的相互关系对于将地球物理观测与岩石物理参数相结合以精确地表征地下地下结构和精细化石油储层勘探至关重要。本文通过研究岩石的各向同性，本征各向异性和应力诱发的各向异性特性的复杂实验和物理模拟方法，提出了沉积岩石地球物理和岩石物理特性的新研究成果。设计了一系列针对未固结砂土混合物和玻璃微珠的实验，结果揭示了孔隙度和黏土含量，渗透率和黏土含量，胶结作用和孔隙度之间的一些严格关系，以及它们对声学特性的影响在干燥和饱和条件下处于各种围压下。因此，设计并讨论了一种新的物理概念，即“临界孔隙率”。通过一系列实验研究了泥质岩的声速和衰减各向异性，这不仅是因为许多泥质岩具有固有的各向异性，而且还因为泥岩的弹性特性难以预测，并且已经成为岩石物理学中一个具有挑战性的课题。在三套Freeman Jewett页岩样品中，在干燥和饱和条件下均观察到了固有的横向各向同性图案。更重要的是，孔隙压力平衡过程中声速和衰减随时间的变化导致了对那些低渗透率岩石样品进行水力渗透率测量的新方法。在各种受控的高孔隙压力下对这些页岩样品的动态测量为有效压力理论在低渗透性岩石中的适用性提供了见识。最后，通过将真实的三维多轴载荷施加到八个不同的岩石样本的实验设备，检查了应力诱发的速度和衰减各向异性。结果表明，应力引起的各向异性是有限应变的函数。因此，与硬岩石相比，软岩石中的动态声各向异性可以更容易地推断出三维应力模式。为了模拟三维衰减各向异性和三维应力模式之间的关系，开发了一种伪全息图方法。

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  • 作者

    Yin, Hezhu.;

  • 作者单位

    Stanford University.;

  • 授予单位 Stanford University.;
  • 学科 Geophysics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1993
  • 页码 246 p.
  • 总页数 246
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地球物理学;
  • 关键词

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