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首页> 外文学位 >Community ecology and flight energetics in tropical seabirds of the eastern Pacific: Energetic correlates of guild structure.
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Community ecology and flight energetics in tropical seabirds of the eastern Pacific: Energetic correlates of guild structure.

机译：东太平洋热带海鸟的群落生态学和飞行能量学：行会结构的能量相关性。

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摘要

In the eastern tropical Pacific, an expanse of ocean that includes more than 20 million km{dollar}sp2,{dollar} there exists a speciose group of seabirds that feeds in flocks (averaging 36 individuals and 2.2 species per flock) and is composed of a total of 90 species from 27 genera. This group of seabirds is largely dependent for successful feeding upon schools of subsurface, predatory dolphins and tunas, which trap prey fishes at the surface. Within this guild are three distinct flock types which differ significantly in species composition, size, diversity and distribution. The distribution of each flock type corresponds to a gradient in thermocline depth, which itself reflects surface water productivity.; I hypothesize that productivity of the water over which seabirds forage may affect species composition of feeding flocks through the energetic cost of locomotion. Species with a high cost of transport will be restricted to areas of high productivity, where prey patches are abundant, while species with a lower cost of transport will be able to forage in areas of lower productivity where prey patches may be less abundant or farther apart. This hypothesis predicts a number of things about the energetics of flight, wing morphology and flight behavior, which are tested for one of the most abundant flocking species, the Red-footed Booby.; The power required for flight for an adult Red-footed Booby with a mass of 1014 g was 68.1 kJ h{dollar}sp{lcub}-1{rcub},{dollar} more that 3 times lower than the power predicted from equations based on aerodynamic theory. Cost of transport averaged 1.5 kJ km{dollar}sp{lcub}-1{rcub}{dollar}, a value 36% of that predicted. These differences are likely due to the fact that Red-footed Boobies use the wind as an energy source during flight, apparently resulting in energy savings over continuous flapping flight that are striking, and may also result from subtle characteristics of wing morphology.; On a global scale, seabird communities show regular and predictable changes in species composition which depend greatly on productivity of the ecosystem and on flight capabilities of the birds. This research indicates that energetics may be an important factor in species composition and distribution of seabirds within a single guild, in a single ocean system.
机译：在东部热带太平洋中，一片广阔的海洋包括超过2000万公里{dollar} sp2，{dollar}，有一群特定的海鸟以成群为食（平均每群36个人，每群2.2种），由共有27个属的90种。这批海鸟在很大程度上取决于能否成功捕食地下，掠食性海豚和金枪鱼群，它们将捕食鱼类困在表层。该行会内有三种不同的羊群类型，它们在物种组成，大小，多样性和分布上有很大差异。每种羊群的分布都对应于温跃层深度的梯度，该梯度本身反映了地表水的生产率。我假设海鸟觅食的水的生产力可能通过运动的高能成本而影响饲料群的物种组成。运输成本高的物种将被限制在捕食斑块丰富的高生产率地区，而运输成本较低的物种将能够在捕食斑块数量少或分布较远的生产力较低的地区觅食。这个假设预言了关于飞行，机翼形态和飞行行为的能量学的许多事情，这些事情已经被测试为最丰富的植绒物种之一，红脚笨蛋。质量为1014 g的成年红脚笨蛋飞行所需的功率为68.1 kJ h {dol} sp {lcub} -1 {rcub}，{dollar}比根据方程式预测的功率低3倍空气动力学理论。运输成本平均为1.5 kJ km {dollar} sp {lcub} -1 {rcub} {dollar}，相当于预测值的36％。这些差异可能是由于红脚Bo鸟在飞行过程中使用风作为能源的事实，显然导致了惊人的连续扑翼飞行中的能量节省，也可能是由于机翼形态的微妙特性所致。在全球范围内，海鸟群落在物种组成方面显示出规律且可预测的变化，这在很大程度上取决于生态系统的生产力和鸟类的飞行能力。这项研究表明，高能可能是单个公会，单个海洋系统中海鸟物种组成和分布的重要因素。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ballance, Lisa Taylor.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Los Angeles.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Los Angeles.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Oceanography.; Biology Animal Physiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1993
  • 页码 187 p.
  • 总页数 187
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;海洋生物;生理学;
  • 关键词

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