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首页> 外文学位 >Tsunamis: Forces on a vertical wall caused by long waves, bores, and surges on a dry bed.
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Tsunamis: Forces on a vertical wall caused by long waves, bores, and surges on a dry bed.

机译：海啸：干床上长波，无聊和浪涌引起的垂直壁上的力。

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摘要

The major objective of this study has been to investigate experimentally the forces and overturning moments produced by tsunamis on vertical walls. The experimental results are compared with several analytical and numerical models. Several types of waves were used in a horizontal tank including solitary waves, undular bores, turbulent bores, and surges on a dry bed. Bores produced from breaking solitary waves in a tilting wave tank were also investigated. Various measurements were made, including the incident wave celerity, the wave profile, the runup, force, overturning moment, and pressure time histories. The impact process of the bores in the tilting wave tank were recorded with high-speed movies and the wave profiles in the horizontal tank were defined using a laser induced fluorescence system.;A boundary integral element model, which solves the potential flow problem subject to the full nonlinear free surface boundary conditions, predicted the loads imposed on the wall due to steep solitary waves quite well. A finite difference model of the Navier-Stokes equations also predicted the solitary wave loads quite well; however, it over-predicted the steepness of the incident bore profiles and produced a force-time history with a high amplitude and short-duration peak, which was not observed in the measurements.;Strong vertical accelerations were shown to occur during the reflection of bores and steep solitary waves at a vertical wall. These reduced the force on the wall relative to a hydrostatic force computed from the maximum runup height on the wall. For all cases, the maximum measured force and overturning moment were always less than computed from the maximum measured runup using hydrostatic considerations. At the transition from undular bores to turbulent bores, there was a discontinuity in the maximum water surface slope which corresponded with a rapid increase in the measured runup, force, and moment on the wall. The properly normalized force on a vertical wall due to the impingement of a bore on a midly sloping beach is shown to be equivalent to the force produced by a bore of constant volume on a horizontal bed.
机译：这项研究的主要目的是通过实验研究海啸在垂直墙上产生的力和倾覆力矩。将实验结果与几种分析模型和数值模型进行了比较。在水平罐中使用了几种类型的波浪，包括孤立波浪，波浪形孔，湍流孔和干床上的波动。还研究了在倾斜波箱中打破孤立波产生的钻孔。进行了各种测量，包括入射波的速度，波的轮廓，加速，力，倾覆力矩和压力时间历史。用高速影片记录倾斜波箱中孔的冲击过程，并使用激光诱导荧光系统定义卧式箱中的波轮廓。边界积分元模型，解决了受约束的潜在流动问题在完全非线性的自由表面边界条件下，可以很好地预测由于陡峭的孤立波而施加在墙上的载荷。 Navier-Stokes方程的有限差分模型也很好地预测了孤立波载荷。但是，它过度预测了入射孔轮廓的陡度，并产生了具有高振幅和短持续时间峰值的力时历史，这在测量中没有观察到。在垂直的墙壁上产生钻孔和陡峭的孤波。相对于从壁上的最大上升高度计算出的静水压力，这些减小了壁上的力。在所有情况下，最大测得力和倾覆力矩始终小于使用静液压因素从最大测得行程计算得出的值。在从波浪形孔到湍流孔的过渡过程中，最大水面坡度不连续，这与壁上测得的上升，力和力矩的快速增加相对应。由于孔在中坡海滩上的撞击而在垂直壁上适当归一化的力显示为等效于水平床上恒定体积的孔所产生的力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ramsden, Jerald Day.;

  • 作者单位

    California Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予单位 California Institute of Technology.;
  • 学科 Civil engineering.;Ocean engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1993
  • 页码 278 p.
  • 总页数 278
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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