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首页> 外文学位 >Logics of violence: The social and political thought of Joseph de Maistre. (Volumes I and II).
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Logics of violence: The social and political thought of Joseph de Maistre. (Volumes I and II).

机译：暴力逻辑：约瑟夫·德·迈斯特的社会和政治思想。 （第一和第二卷）。

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Joseph de Maistre is one of the most undervalued political theorists of the modern age. Hitherto there has been no systematic account of his political, sociological, anthropological, and cosmological thought as a complex and interrelated whole. Previous treatments of Maistre's thought have found its unity either in biography, in the undeniable fact that all his seemingly paradoxical notions emanated from a single biological person, or in some fundamental reactionary position which allegedly colors all his thinking. The first approach is intellectually unsatisfying and the second proves simply false.; Instead of starting from Maistre's negative response to the French Revolution in order to deduce therefrom the reactionary character of his thought as a whole, an approach which entails great distortions of his position, this dissertation starts from a close analysis of his ideas, often upheld long before the Revolution, in order to understand the theoretical basis of his response to events in France.; The guiding thread of my analysis is Maistre's theory of sacrifice, a cultic practice of which he was the first European to offer a comparative cross-cultural analysis. Around this topic gravitate all the themes of his intellectual production: power and victimization, religious customs and institutions, social norms and excess, legal sanction and criminal punishment, war and revolution.; The first result of my research is to demonstrate Maistre's tremendous influence upon the development of French sociology. This influence derives from his attention to aspects of social and political life irreducible to reason or to the social contract: language, religion, authority, sanction, war, and revolution. My second conclusion is that Maistre was less an irrationalist than a theorist of social irrationality, a precursor less of fascism than of the theory of fascism. For all his emphasis upon moments of excess and extremity, Maistre was a voice of moderation in his day and one of the most moderate defenders of the French monarchy, of which he was often highly critical. Maistre's thought remains of great importance for the attempt to understand the potential abuses unique to modern democracy, an effort which has become all the more pressing in the 20th century.
机译：约瑟夫·德·迈斯特（Joseph de Maistre）是当今最被低估的政治理论家之一。迄今为止，还没有系统地描述过他的政治，社会学，人类学和宇宙学思想是一个复杂而相互关联的整体。梅斯特以前的思想在传记中是统一的，这是不可否认的事实，即他所有看似自相矛盾的观念都源于一个生物个体，或者处于某种基本的反动立场，据称使他的全部思想蒙上了阴影。第一种方法在理论上不令人满意，第二种方法证明完全是错误的。本文不是从梅斯特对法国大革命的消极反应开始，以由此推断出他的思想整体的反动性，而是对他的立场进行了极大扭曲的一种方法，而是从对他的思想的仔细分析开始，这一观点经常被长期坚持。在革命之前，为了理解他对法国事件的反应的理论基础。我的分析的指导思想是梅斯特的牺牲理论，这是他的文化实践，他是第一个提供比较跨文化分析的欧洲人。围绕这个话题，他的智力生产的所有主题都引人入胜：权力与受害，宗教习俗与制度，社会规范与过剩，法律制裁与刑事惩罚，战争与革命。我的研究的第一个结果是证明梅斯特对法国社会学发展的巨大影响。这种影响源于他对不可推理的社会和政治生活方面或对社会契约的关注：语言，宗教，权威，制裁，战争和革命。我的第二个结论是，迈斯特（Maistre）并非是非理性主义者，而是社会非理性理论家，它是法西斯主义的先驱，而不是法西斯主义的理论。梅斯特（Maistre）在强调过分极端的时刻时，始终保持谦虚的声音，是法国君主制最温和的捍卫者之一，他经常对此持高度批评的态度。迈斯特的思想对于试图理解现代民主所特有的潜在滥用仍然非常重要，这一努力在20世纪变得越来越紧迫。

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