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首页> 外文学位 >Sacrifice and its discontents: Ethical paradox in twentieth and twenty-first century environmental writing.
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Sacrifice and its discontents: Ethical paradox in twentieth and twenty-first century environmental writing.

机译：牺牲及其不满：20世纪和20世纪环境写作中的道德悖论。

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摘要

This project examines the role of sacrifice in twentieth-century environmental writing, a recurring figure that has been much celebrated and sometimes maligned but never critically studied. Calls for individuals to give up high standards of living abound in discussions of ecological sustainability: consume less, live simply, go back to the land, and environmental problems from aquifer depletion to air pollution and global climate change will be mitigated. While eco-critics tend to understand this story in realist terms, as an ethico-political model for readers to emulate, this dissertation studies writers for whom it represents a troubling paradox rather than a straightforward solution. In the works I discuss, the impulse to sacrifice is wrapped up in the desire to escape the ruinous entanglements of modernity and to rehabilitate a more "natural" way of life, yet attempts to create pastoral spaces at a remove from modernization processes subtly betray themselves. Willa Cather's simple-lifers enjoy blissful communion with nature but occupy their texts as ineffectual ghosts from a bygone era. Marge Piercy's and Ursula Le Guin's eco-utopias attain the appearance of primitivist sustainability only by concealing their reliance on sophisticated technologies and disciplinary institutions. Richard Powers' ecocritics are selfless martyrs and his eco-activists, stereotypes of themselves, predictable and redundant. In nonfiction texts, such as nature writing, activist blogs, and "green" consumer guides, social- or self-denial continues to appear ambivalently, failing outright or leading to unexpected excesses. My object is to show that these failures are far from unproductive. In these environmental literary works, performances of sacrifice are bound up with an unresolved tension---the tension between the instinct to flee from modernity and the tacit recognition that environmental ethics must negotiate with its contemporary social, political, and economic structures. I argue that, while ostensibly oriented toward an idealized, simpler past, these works gesture toward sacrifice's undoing, inchoately rethinking the traditional antagonism between environmentalism and modern life. This dissertation makes the case that literature has a crucial contribution to make to the imagination of ecological modernities---or, nonprimitive sustainability---a concept that has been defined, until now, by industry and the social and natural sciences.
机译：该项目研究了牺牲在20世纪环境写作中的作用，这一反复出现的人物曾广受赞誉，有时受到反对，但从未进行过严格的研究。在关于生态可持续性的讨论中，人们呼吁放弃高水平的生活：减少消费，简单生活，回到土地，从含水层枯竭到空气污染和全球气候变化的环境问题将得到缓解。尽管生态批评家倾向于以现实主义的眼光来理解这个故事，但作为一种读者可以效仿的伦理政治模型，本论文研究的作家却是一个令人困扰的悖论，而不是一个直接的解决方案。在我讨论的作品中，牺牲的冲动笼罩在渴望摆脱现代性的毁灭性纠缠和恢复更“自然”的生活方式的渴望中，然而却试图在摆脱现代化过程的过程中创造田园空间，巧妙地背叛了自己。 。威拉·凯瑟（Willa Cather）朴素的人享受着与大自然的幸福交流，但是却把自己的文字当作过去时代的无效幽灵。 Marge Piercy和Ursula Le Guin的生态乌托邦只有隐瞒了对先进技术和学科机构的依赖，才能实现原始主义的可持续性。理查德·鲍尔斯（Richard Powers）的生态批评家是无私的烈士，而他的生态活动家则是刻板印象，可预测和多余的。在诸如自然写作，激进主义博客和“绿色”消费者指南之类的非小说类文字中，对社会或自我的否定继续模棱两可，彻底失败或导致意想不到的过度。我的目的是表明这些失败绝非徒劳。在这些环境文学作品中，牺牲的表现与无法解决的紧张联系在一起，紧张关系是逃避现代性的本能与对环境伦理必须与其当代社会，政治和经济结构进行谈判的默契之间的紧张关系。我认为，尽管这些作品表面上是朝着理想化，更简单的过去发展，但它们却朝着牺牲的消亡迈出了重要的一步，从而重新考虑了环境主义与现代生活之间的传统对抗。本文提出了这样的论据，即文学对于生态学的现代性（或非原始的可持续性）的想象力做出了至关重要的贡献，这一概念直到现在才被工业界，社会科学和自然科学所定义。

著录项

  • 作者

    Nadir, Christine.;

  • 作者单位

    Columbia University.;

  • 授予单位 Columbia University.;
  • 学科 Literature Modern.Literature American.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 260 p.
  • 总页数 260
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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