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首页> 外文学位 >Ranching in the Campanha of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1850-1920: An historical geography of uneven development.
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Ranching in the Campanha of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1850-1920: An historical geography of uneven development.

机译：1850-1920年在巴西南里奥格兰德州的Campanha牧场：发展不平衡的历史地理。

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摘要

In southern South America, a long-established ranching region, the lateral extension of the Industrial Revolution was an uneven process. This study clarifies why technical refinement in ranching (in breeds, fences and refrigeration for example) came later to the grasslands of Rio Grande do Sul than to Argentina and Uruguay. The newly-found relative political stability of mid-nineteenth century is taken as an opening benchmark, in order to provide a detailed analysis of the traditional, highly-extensive gaucho ranching economy. Rio Grande do Sul's abrupt entry into the frozen meat industry around 1920 is used as the affirmation of the Campanha's modernity. The remainder of the work traces how the Campanha was drawn increasingly into the North Atlantic economic system. After approximately 1870, a modern technology allowing for more intensive ranch management started to be adopted, beginning around the Plate estuary and diffusing outwards from there. The broad patterns of diffusion of key ranching innovations are traced for the Campanha, which trailed decades behind the River Plate countries. Beginning in the late 1880s, railways, tariffs and the abolition of slavery laid the groundwork for a slow but sustained transformation of Campanha ranching, one accomplished while the regional economy was still based mainly on hides and salt-beef. This transformation was slowed by many factors. Unlike the River Plate countries, the developmental stimuli posed for ranch management by sheep and cultivation played very limited roles in the Campanha. National political support for reforming property management rights (rural legal codes) was weak, as were linkages between domestic elites and foreign merchants. Rio Grande do Sul's provision of infrastructure and attraction of foreign capital also remained limited in comparison with the Plate. The pace of change in the Campanha quickened with World War One's extraordinary food demands. Structural weaknesses that endured in the Campanha of 1920 (in transport, credit and the limited influence that ranchers held over national policy formation) were the legacy of uneven development.
机译：在南美历史悠久的牧场地区，工业革命的横向扩展是一个不平衡的过程。这项研究阐明了为什么在牧场上进行技术改良（例如在品种，围栏和冷藏方面）的技术要晚于南里奥格兰德州的草原，而不是阿根廷和乌拉圭。 19世纪中叶新近建立的相对政治稳定被作为开放基准，以便对传统的，高度扩张的高乔牧场经济进行详细分析。南里奥格兰德州（Rio Grande do Sul）大约在1920年突然进入冷冻肉行业，这证明了Campanha的现代性。其余工作将追溯Campanha如何逐渐被引入北大西洋经济体系。大约在1870年以后，开始采用一种现代技术，可以对牧场进行更深入的管理，该技术从板块河口开始，然后从那里向外扩散。关键牧场创新的广泛传播模式可以追溯到坎帕尼亚，它落后于河床国家数十年。从1880年代后期开始，铁路，关税和废除奴隶制为Campanha牧场的缓慢但持续的转型奠定了基础，而这一成就是在区域经济仍主要基于生皮和盐牛肉的基础上实现的。许多因素减慢了这种转变。与河床国家不同，在坎潘尼亚地区，绵羊管理牧场和耕种带来的发展刺激作用非常有限。国家对改革财产管理权（农村法律法规）的政治支持薄弱，国内精英与外国商人之间的联系也很薄弱。与板块相比，南里奥格兰德州的基础设施建设和吸引外资也仍然有限。第一次世界大战的非凡食品需求，使坎帕尼亚（Campanha）的变化步伐加快了。在1920年的坎帕尼亚（Campanha）所遭受的结构性弱点（在运输，信贷以及牧场主对国家政策形成的有限影响方面）是发展不平衡的遗留因素。

著录项

  • 作者

    Bell, Stephen Andrew.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Toronto (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Toronto (Canada).;
  • 学科 Geography.;History Latin American.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1991
  • 页码 408 p.
  • 总页数 408
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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