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The impact of trade policy and imperfect competition on prices and productivity: Three empirical essays.

机译：贸易政策和不完全竞争对价格和生产力的影响：三篇实证文章。

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The first chapter of this dissertation provides an empirical test of the relationship between market power and exchange rate pass-through, defined as the response of import prices to exchange rate changes. The motivation for this chapter stems from the sluggish response of import prices to fluctuations in the dollar during the 1980s, which many researchers suggested could be due to oligopoly behavior among domestic and foreign firms.; For this chapter, a dataset was constructed using price and quantity data for EEC and Japanese steel exporters to the US over 1976-1986. The theoretical model incorporates Cournot competition and allows for imported inputs in production, which could reverse the expected effects of exchange rate shocks.; The results indicate that for the six steel products examined, Japanese and EEC exporters to the US market acted competitively between 1976 and 1986. However, the historical relationship between import prices and exchange rates was altered by other factors, such as changes in the prices of imported inputs and shifts in trade policy.; The second chapter examines a new type of protection: the increasing use in the 1980s of dumping and countervailing measures in the United States. This chapter measures the portective effect of both investigations (which evaluate claims of dumping or subsidies) and the duties which follow by separately measuring the impact of investigations and duties on import prices. Using a panel dataset for 1981-86, this new dataset suggests that for some sectors, the investigation itself has a greater protective effect than duties.; The third chapter evaluates the impact of a 1985 trade reform in Cote d'Ivoire on the productivity and profit margins of manufacturing enterprises. Research on productivity has often focused on the relationship between productivity increases and structural changes in an economy, such as a trade policy reform. If, however, those structural changes affect the nature of competition, then both the levels and changes in productivity growth may be mismeasured. The results show that market power fell in a number of sectors following the trade reform. The results also suggest that ignoring the impact of reform on competition leads to biased estimates of the relationship between trade reform and productivity growth.
机译：本文的第一章对市场力量与汇率传递之间的关系进行了实证检验，汇率传递被定义为进口价格对汇率变化的响应。本章的动机来自1980年代进口价格对美元波动的反应迟钝，许多研究者认为这可能是由于国内外公司的寡头行为所致。在本章中，使用EEC和日本钢铁出口商在1976-1986年期间的价格和数量数据构建了数据集。理论模型结合了古诺竞争，并允许生产中的进口投入，这可以逆转汇率冲击的预期影响。结果表明，对于所研究的六种钢铁产品，日本和EEC出口到美国市场的出口商在1976年至1986年之间表现出竞争性。但是，进口价格和汇率之间的历史关系由于其他因素而发生了变化，例如出口价格的变化。进口投入和贸易政策转变；第二章探讨了一种新型的保护措施：在1980年代，美国越来越多地使用倾销和反补贴措施。本章通过分别衡量调查和关税对进口价格的影响，来衡量这两项调查（评估倾销或补贴索赔）和随后承担的关税的影响。使用1981-86年的面板数据集，该新数据集表明，对于某些部门，调查本身具有比职责更大的保护作用。第三章评估了1985年科特迪瓦贸易改革对制造企业的生产率和利润率的影响。对生产率的研究通常集中在生产率提高与经济结构变化之间的关系，例如贸易政策改革。但是，如果这些结构性变化影响了竞争的性质，那么生产率增长的水平和变化都可能被错误计量。结果表明，随着贸易改革，许多行业的市场力量下降。结果还表明，忽略改革对竞争的影响会导致对贸易改革与生产率增长之间关系的估计有偏差。

著录项

  • 作者

    Harrison, Ann Elizabeth.;

  • 作者单位

    Princeton University.;

  • 授予单位 Princeton University.;
  • 学科 Economics General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1991
  • 页码 146 p.
  • 总页数 146
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 经济学;
  • 关键词

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