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Economic ideology, culture and development in New England, 1620-1800.

机译:新英格兰的经济思想,文化与发展,1620-1800年。

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Much of the existing literature on culture and society in New England has either downplayed economic factors or emphasized the incompatibility of commerce and the New England Way; similarly, economic histories of the region generally ignore the power of cultural factors in shaping New Englanders' economic decisions. Examining the colonists' economic attitudes in the context of their activities, this dissertation argues that culture in New England--including Puritanism and the values which framed commerce--fostered economic development. The colonists' English background, their reaction to the New World environment and their emphasis on the work ethic of industry and frugality formed the core of this culture of development that facilitated the transition to mercantile capitalism. The inhabitants' commitment to community, church and commonweal shaped the course of economic change in New England. But the power of these ideas and institutions also provided a sense that the inhabitants could contain economic individualism within the existing moral and social framework--a context for economic change that made it easier for New Englanders to participate in the new commercial order.;By 1640, New Englanders had translated these developmental ideas into public policy at the local and colony-wide level, establishing precedents that shaped government regulation and promotion of the economy throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The colonists' widening involvement in domestic and international exchange prompted a shift in their understanding of the economy, as a modified liberalism replaced the balance of trade theory of development as their chief interpretive framework. In debates over public policy, particularly after 1720, John Colman, John Wise and other New Englanders explored such issues as consumption, free trade, the naturalness of economic activity, the importance of the internal economy, and the role of the market. The Revolutionary generation drew upon these nascent liberal ideas concerning development, as well as upon such republican (and Puritan) concepts as industry and frugality, to craft an economic justification for resistance and Revolution that complemented their constitutional grievances. By the 1780s, a distinctive New England liberal economic vision had emerged, one which emphasized active state involvement, and development rather than mere growth. Like its predecessors, however, this vision linked economic development to particular institutions and a distinct culture that featured industriousness, rectitude, a commitment to the common good--the legacies of Puritanism.
机译:新英格兰现有许多有关文化和社会的文献要么淡化了经济因素,要么强调商业与新英格兰之路的不相容性。同样,该地区的经济历史通常会忽略文化因素在塑造新英格兰人的经济决策中的作用。通过考察殖民者在其活动范围内的经济态度,本文认为,新英格兰的文化(包括清教主义和构成商业的价值观)促进了经济发展。殖民者的英语背景,对新世界环境的反应以及对工业和节俭的职业道德的强调构成了这种发展文化的核心,这种文化促进了向商业资本主义的过渡。居民对社区,教堂和公益的承诺塑造了新英格兰的经济变革进程。但是,这些思想和制度的力量还提供了一种感觉,即居民可以将经济个人主义包含在现有的道德和社会框架之内-一种经济变革的背景,这使得新英格兰人更容易参与新的商业秩序。 1640年,新英格兰人将这些发展思想转化为地方和整个殖民地的公共政策,树立了先例,在整个17、18世纪塑造了政府的监管和经济发展。殖民者越来越广泛地参与国内和国际交流,这促使他们对经济的理解发生了转变,因为改良的自由主义取代了贸易发展的平衡理论作为其主要的解释框架。在关于公共政策的辩论中,尤其是在1720年之后,约翰·科尔曼,约翰·怀斯和其他新英格兰人探讨了诸如消费,自由贸易,经济活动的自然性,内部经济的重要性以及市场的作用等问题。革命一代汲取了关于发展的新生的自由主义思想,以及诸如工业和节俭的共和(和清教徒)概念,从而为抵抗和革命提供了经济理由,以补充其宪法上的不满。到1780年代,出现了一种独特的新英格兰自由主义经济视野,该视野强调了国家的积极参与和发展,而不仅仅是增长。但是,与前任一样,这一愿景将经济发展与特定机构和独特的文化联系在一起,这种文化具有勤劳,正直,对共同利益的承诺-清教徒的遗产。

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