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首页> 外文学位 >Automobile passive restraints effectiveness evaluation: An examination of economic, demographic and risk impacts of highway safety regulation.
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Automobile passive restraints effectiveness evaluation: An examination of economic, demographic and risk impacts of highway safety regulation.

机译：汽车被动约束有效性评估：检查高速公路安全法规对经济，人口和风险的影响。

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摘要

This study employs a comprehensive public health model of highway fatality risk. The passive restraint requirement is examined within the context of the technological, economic and social factors contributing its success. High risk population groups are identified, increasing our understanding of what social and demographic characteristics contribute to fatal accident risk.;The technological success of passive restraints is evaluated based upon experience in crashes during the period 1988 through 1989, as compared to the overall fatal and severe injury driver risk for drivers of vehicles not equipped with passive restraints.;The results show that passive restraints technologically succeed in providing the same level of occupant protection as manual three-point belts provided that they are used correctly. However, they fail to increase protection if the design of the belt is not completely passive. Popularization of belt designs that mix passive and manual restraints in lower-priced, lighter weight vehicles may result in increases in the severe injury risk for the population of drivers in those vehicles.;Some sociodemographic characteristics are associated with higher fatality rates, most notably, per capita income and employment status. These higher risk groups will gain less from the regulation because they are in income groups that are unlikely to ever purchase a new car, and second, their a priori fatality risk is higher than those likely to purchase new vehicles.;The overall effect of the implementation of the passive restraint rule is likely to be some reduction in sales of vehicles of the higher size classes and retention or longer life-spans of older vehicles due to price sensitivity at the very lowest price ranges for new vehicles.;Under a conservative estimate of safety belt law effectiveness the simulation predicts lower fatality rates with mandatory seat belt laws due to its applicability to the entire population of drivers, and because seatbelts are more effective in all accident scenarios than are passive restraints. In short, passive restraints will definitely fail to provide the same type of safety benefits as do manual seat belts in the short run, and could continue to fail in the long run.
机译：本研究采用了高速公路死亡风险的综合公共卫生模型。在促成成功的技术，经济和社会因素的背景下，研究了被动约束的要求。确定了高风险人群，从而加深了我们对造成致命事故风险的社会和人口统计学特征的理解。被动约束的技术成功性是根据1988年至1989年的撞车经验进行评估的，而不是总的致命事故风险。结果表明，如果正确使用被动约束，则被动约束在技术上可以成功地提供与手动三点式安全带相同的乘员保护水平。但是，如果皮带的设计不是完全被动的，它们将无法增加保护。在低价轻量的车辆中混合使用被动约束和手动约束的皮带设计的普及可能会导致这些车辆中的驾驶员人群遭受严重伤害的风险增加;某些社会人口统计学特征与更高的死亡率相关，最显着的是，人均收入和就业状况。这些较高风险的人群从法规中获得的收益较少，因为他们属于不太可能购买新车的收入人群，其次，他们的先验死亡风险高于可能购买新车的人。实施被动约束规则可能会导致较高尺寸级别的汽车销量下降，以及由于新车的最低价格范围内的价格敏感性而导致旧车的保留或更长的使用寿命。安全带法律效力的模拟通过强制性安全带法律预测了死亡率的降低，这是因为安全带法律适用于整个驾驶员群体，并且由于安全带在所有事故场景中都比被动约束更为有效。简而言之，被动约束肯定不会在短期内提供与手动安全带相同的安全益处，并且从长远来看可能会继续失效。

著录项

  • 作者

    Borener, Sherry Smith.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Michigan.;

  • 授予单位 University of Michigan.;
  • 学科 Engineering Automotive.;Transportation.;Urban and Regional Planning.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1991
  • 页码 105 p.
  • 总页数 105
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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