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Sand on demand: An approach to improving productivity in horizontal wells under heavy oil primary production.

机译：按需喷砂：一种在重油初级开采条件下提高水平井生产率的方法。

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摘要

The cold production recovery process, as practised in Western Canada, is successful in vertical wells. Attempts at cold production in horizontal wells have been less successful.;The results indicate that slot size selection is critical for establishing "sand on demand". For proper slot size selection, it is essential to know the grain size distribution and the sorting (uniformity coefficient) of the sand. The findings from the sand production experiments indicate that the critical pressure gradients required for initiating sand production and for maintaining continuous sand production are much lower for well-sorted sands than for poorly-sorted sands. A correlation between slot size and controlled sand production was found for well-sorted sands that should allow for the specification of appropriate slot sizes.;The critical pressure gradient required for initiating sand production and maintaining continuous sand production decreases as the slot width or confining pressure increases. When flow rates resulted in persistent sand production, channels and/or elliptical dilated zones were created that greatly enhanced the effective permeability near the slot. This observation suggests that producing at low and steady sand cuts for a long period of time might bring two benefits; a way to transport the sand out of the well and the creation of high permeability channels or zones that can improve the production of the reservoir. Continuing sand production at sand cuts less than 1.5 % was achieved if the initial flow rates were low and were later increased in small increments.;To summarize, it was found that if the appropriate slot size was combined with the right draw down rates, controlled sand production could be achieved with attendant significant increases in permeability. This suggests that radically increased oil rates could be achieved if sand production rates can be maintained at low and consistent levels.;This dissertation presents the results of research examining the possibility of controlled sand production, "sand on demand" for horizontal wells. Specifically, the effects of slot size, confining stress, fluid velocity and sand grain sorting on sand production under less aggressive production conditions have been investigated.
机译：正如加拿大西部所采用的那样，在垂直井中成功进行了冷产品回收过程。水平井冷生​​产的尝试不太成功。；结果表明，槽口尺寸的选择对于建立“按需喷砂”至关重要。为了正确选择槽口尺寸，必须了解砂粒的粒度分布和分类（均匀系数）。出砂实验的结果表明，选得好的砂比起选得差的砂要低得多，因为启动选砂和保持连续的出砂所需的临界压力梯度要低得多。对于合理选择的狭缝尺寸，已发现狭缝尺寸与受控制砂量之间存在相关性;应该指定合适的狭缝尺寸;随着狭缝宽度或围压的提高，开始出砂并维持连续制砂所需的临界压力梯度会降低增加。当流速导致持续的出砂时，会形成通道和/或椭圆形的扩张区，从而大大提高了缝隙附近的有效渗透率。该观察结果表明，长时间在低而稳定的采砂量下生产可能带来两个好处。一种将砂子从井中运出的方法，并创建了高渗透率的通道或区域，可以改善储层的产量。如果初始流量较低，后来以小增量增加，则连续采砂量不足1.5％。;总而言之，发现如果适当的槽口尺寸与正确的压降率相结合，则可控伴随着渗透率的显着提高，可以实现制砂。这表明，如果将制砂率保持在较低且一致的水平，则可以实现根本上提高油价的目的。本论文提供了研究结果，研究了受控制砂的可能性，即“水平井的按需制砂”。具体地说，研究了在侵蚀性较小的生产条件下，缝隙大小，围压，流体速度和砂粒分选对砂生产的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Meza Diaz, Brigida Inmaculada.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Alberta (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Alberta (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Petroleum.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 308 p.
  • 总页数 308
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 老年病学;
  • 关键词

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