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A POSITION-SENSITIVE DETECTOR FOR HARD X-RAY ASTRONOMY.

机译：硬X射线天文学的位置敏感检测器。

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摘要

Available from UMI in association with The British Library.; Astronomy in the hard X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum (20-250 keV) provides an essential insight into some of the most energetic processes occurring both in our galaxy and beyond. The current status of hard X-ray astronomy is reviewed, and conclusions concerning the required performance of the next generation of imaging telescopes are reached.; Imaging in this waveband is made difficult by the penetrating nature of the X-ray photons, which makes the use of conventional optics impossible. The techniques applicable to hard X-ray imaging are reviewed, with the emphasis being placed upon modulation imaging in which specially designed apertures are used to modulate the incoming source flux according to the position of the source within the field of view. Hard X-ray detection techniques suitable for use with modulation imagers are reviewed.; The recent development of position-sensitive photomultipliers, which are now available in a variety of configurations, has created a new possibility for the construction of hard X-ray detectors with the spatial resolution necessary to achieve the goal of arc minute imaging with a coded aperture imaging system. One particular type of position-sensitive photomultiplier has been evaluated in conjunction with a thin NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal to examine its potential in a number of X-ray imaging roles. The basic performance of the photomultiplier is assessed, and a method for using such a detector as a hard X-ray imager is developed.; The intrinsic imaging capability of the detector may be relevant in applications where a relatively small detection area is sufficient, but for use in hard X-ray astronomy where the source flux is dominated by the background, a much larger detection area is essential. Methods for constructing large area detectors using position-sensitive photomultipliers are considered, as is the possibility of a position-sensitive phoswich based on the same techniques. Other applications of a compact hard X-ray imaging system are also considered.
机译：可从UMI与大英图书馆联合获得。电磁频谱（20-250 keV）的硬X射线区域中的天文学为我们银河系内外发生的一些最活跃的过程提供了重要的见识。回顾了硬X射线天文学的现状，并得出了有关下一代成像望远镜所需性能的结论。 X射线光子的穿透特性使该波段的成像变得困难，这使得无法使用常规光学器件。回顾了适用于硬X射线成像的技术，重点放在调制成像上，在调制成像中，根据光源在视场内的位置，使用特殊设计的孔径来调制入射的光源通量。回顾了适用于调制成像仪的硬X射线检测技术。位置敏感光电倍增器的最新发展（现已有多种配置可供使用）为构造硬X射线探测器提供了新的可能性，这种探测器具有必要的空间分辨率，以实现具有编码孔径的电弧分钟成像的目标成像系统。已经对一种特殊类型的位置敏感光电倍增管与薄NaI（Tl）闪烁晶体进行了评估，以检查其在许多X射线成像角色中的潜力。评估了光电倍增管的基本性能，并开发了一种将这种检测器用作硬X射线成像仪的方法。检测器的固有成像能力可能在相对较小的检测区域就足够的应用中相关，但是对于硬X射线天文学中的源通量受背景支配的情况，必须要有更大的检测区域。考虑了使用位置敏感光电倍增管构造大面积检测器的方法，以及基于相同技术的位置敏感磷光体的可能性。还考虑了紧凑的硬X射线成像系统的其他应用。

著录项

  • 作者

    BIRD, ANTONY JOHN.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Southampton (United Kingdom).;

  • 授予单位 University of Southampton (United Kingdom).;
  • 学科 Physics Radiation.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1990
  • 页码 1991 p.
  • 总页数 1991
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 原子核物理学、高能物理学;
  • 关键词

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