首页> 外文学位 >The hakura system: Land and social stratification in the social and economic history of the Sultanate of Dar Fur (Sudan), ca. 1785-1875. (Volumes I and II).
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The hakura system: Land and social stratification in the social and economic history of the Sultanate of Dar Fur (Sudan), ca. 1785-1875. (Volumes I and II).

机译:hakura系统:约旦达尔富尔苏丹国的社会和经济历史中的土地和社会分层。 1785-1875年。 (第一和第二卷)。

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摘要

The study examines the growth and development of the hakura system, a new form of control over land, which arose in this period between the conquest of Kordofan in 1820-1821 and the fall of Dar Fur in 1874. Previously, local sedentary and pastoral groups had used kinship and lineage-based principles to allocate land and labor for agricultural production. From 1785, two other sets of principles were introduced in northern Dar Fur to allocate land. One was based on sultanic hegemony; the other, on the commercial practices of the jallaba which permitted the buying and selling of land and labor.;After a theoretical introduction and background on the geography, ecology and inhabitants of Dar Fur, the study is divided into sections. The first places Dar Fur in a regional context, by examining the sultanate's foreign relations; its trans-Saharan trade (including the slave trade) with Egypt; and the role of drought in the history of Dar Fur. This section draws primarily on French and British archives, travellers' accounts and secondary sources.;The second section traces the history and development of the political economy of land within Dar Fur from early patterns of sultanic intervention in land to the height of the hakura system, using local land documents, letters and court cases in Arabic; Sudanese oral sources; and Condominium archives. The internal dynamics of the hakura system and its socio-economic implications are analyzed in a separate chapter. The new land-holders became a new class which consumed the bulk of the imported goods, had use of slave and free labor, and has been able to preserve its status through drought and war even to the present time.
机译:这项研究考察了羽仓系统的发展和发展,这种新形式的土地控制是在1820年至1821年征服科尔多凡和1874年达尔富尔陷落之间出现的。在此之前,当地久坐的和牧民群体曾使用血缘和宗族原则为农业生产分配土地和劳动力。从1785年开始,在达尔富尔北部引入了另外两组原则来分配土地。一种是基于苏丹霸权的;另一种是基于苏丹霸权的。在对贾拉巴的商业实践中,允许买卖土地和劳动力。;在对达尔富尔的地理,生态和居民进行了理论介绍和背景之后,本研究分为几个部分。首先,通过考察苏丹国的外交关系,将达尔富尔置于地区背景中。与埃及的跨撒哈拉贸易(包括奴隶贸易);干旱在达尔富尔历史上的作用。本节主要借鉴了法国和英国的档案,旅行者的叙述和其他资料。第二节追溯了达尔富尔地区的土地政治经济的历史和发展,从早期苏丹对土地的干预到高仓系统的发展。 ,使用阿拉伯语的当地土地文件,信件和法院案件;苏丹的口头资料;和公寓档案。博克系统的内部动态及其社会经济影响将在单独的章节中进行分析。新的土地所有者变成了一个新阶级,消费了大部分的进口商品,使用了奴隶和自由劳动,甚至通过干旱和战争一直维持到现在。

著录项

  • 作者

    La Rue, George Michael.;

  • 作者单位

    Boston University.;

  • 授予单位 Boston University.;
  • 学科 History African.;Economics History.;Sociology Social Structure and Development.;History Middle Eastern.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1989
  • 页码 588 p.
  • 总页数 588
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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