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>Analytical chemistry: I. Multiple elemental approach to dietary intake of ancient human beings; II. Intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions involving the double bond; III. Characterization of oxidation states of iron in pottery by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Analytical chemistry: I. Multiple elemental approach to dietary intake of ancient human beings; II. Intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions involving the double bond; III. Characterization of oxidation states of iron in pottery by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
I. Excavated human bones were studied in order to understand environmental contamination mechanisms and ancient dietary patterns. Two different sampling methods were applied to these samples. By chemical analysis and microprobe examination, it was found that Fe, Mn, Al, K, Zn, and Cd are contaminative elements. They moved in from soil to bones. On the other hand Pb and Cu are found to leach out from bones to the environment. In this study, factor analysis was applied to the data sets of elemental concentrations. Factor analysis provided information on behavioral similarities, including dietary synergisms or antagonisms, common diagenetic mechanisms, or shared physiological properties.;II. The intramolecular dipole-dipole interaction between oxygen and the double bond has been studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, ab initio computations, and electrostatic calculations. The ab initio calculations indicate that the ;III. Pottery samples were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the relationship between iron oxidation states and colors of pottery species. The oxidation states of iron were resolved by standard spectral simulation. This study suggests the possibility that XPS may be used to characterize the oxidation states of iron in pottery samples. In most dark brown pottery examined here, iron exists in the form of Fe
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