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首页> 外文学位 >Expanding the genetic variability of flatpea using tissue culture, mutagenesis, and intercrossing techniques.
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Expanding the genetic variability of flatpea using tissue culture, mutagenesis, and intercrossing techniques.

机译：利用组织培养，诱变和杂交技术扩大扁豆的遗传变异性。

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摘要

Flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.) is a potentially valuable forage legume but contains high levels of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA), a compound that can have adverse effects on some animals, including rats and poultry. To increase genetic variability in foliar DABA content and other traits of interest, three approaches were utilized: (1) regeneration of flatpea plants from tissue culture to produce potential somaclonal variants, (2) seed irradiation and screening of potentially mutated progeny, and (3) intercrossing among flatpea accessions. Low-frequency whole plant regeneration of flatpea was obtained from hypocotyl-derived callus cultures. Auxin concentrations above 5.0 {dollar}mu{dollar}M resulted primarily in root formation without shoots. Conditions for optimum whole plant regeneration were as follows: callus was initiated on a modified Schenk-Hildebrandt low-ammonium medium containing 5.0 {dollar}mu{dollar}M IAA (indole acetic acid) and 2.5 {dollar}mu{dollar}M zeatin for callus initiation; after two subcultures, calli were transferred to a regeneration medium containing 0.1 {dollar}mu{dollar}M IAA and 1.0 {dollar}mu{dollar}M zeatin. Calli and regenerated root tissue contained 47 and 38% as much DABA as leaf tissue from 'Lathco' flatpea plants, respectively.; Initial tests established that the effective range of gamma irradiation for seed treatment was between 10.0 and 17.5 kR. Within this range, reduction in percentage of both seedling height and plant survival was a linear function of dose. Individual {dollar}rm Msb2{dollar} plants that contained reduced levels of DABA were identified. No significant trend in DABA concentration with increasing gamma irradiation was apparent.; Flatpea pollination methods were evaluated prior to utilization of intercrossing for inducing genetic variability. Appropriate flower stages for emasculation were determined by in vitro germination of pollen. Lines that produced high numbers of seeds per pollination were identified by crossing in all possible combinations among seven flatpea accessions. Cross-pollinations resulted in significantly higher seed set than selfing. Pollination using caged honeybees was the most efficient method of hybridization. Greater range and coefficient of variation in DABA concentration were observed for flatpea accessions than for intercrossed progeny produced by honeybee pollination.
机译：扁豆（Lathyrus sylvestris L.）是一种潜在有价值的饲料豆类，但含有高水平的2,4-二氨基丁酸（DABA），该化合物可能对某些动物（包括大鼠和家禽）产生不利影响。为了增加叶面DABA含量和其他相关性状的遗传变异性，采用了三种方法：（1）从组织培养中再生扁豆植物以产生潜在的体细胞克隆变异体，（2）种子辐照并筛选潜在的突变后代，以及（3） ）在豌豆种间杂交。扁豆的低频全植物再生是从下胚轴衍生的愈伤组织培养物中获得的。生长素浓度高于5.0 {M}时，主要导致没有芽的根形成。最佳全株再生的条件如下：在改良的Schenk-Hildebrandt低铵培养基上引发愈伤组织，该培养基含有5.0dolμM的IAA（吲哚乙酸）和2.5muμM的玉米醇溶蛋白。引发愈伤组织；在两次传代培养之后，将愈伤组织转移至含有0.1μMIIAA和1.0μM玉米蛋白的再生培养基中。愈伤组织和再生根组织的DABA含量分别为'Lathco'平豆植物叶片含量的47％和38％。初步测试确定，用于种子处理的伽玛射线有效范围在10.0至17.5 kR之间。在此范围内，幼苗高度和植物存活率的百分比降低是剂量的线性函数。鉴定出含有降低水平的DABA的单个{rms} rm Msb2 {dollar}植物。随着γ射线的增加，DABA浓度没有明显的趋势。在利用杂交技术诱导遗传变异之前，先对扁豆授粉方法进行了评估。通过花粉的体外发芽确定用于去雄的合适花期。通过在七个扁豆种质中以所有可能的组合杂交来鉴定每次授粉产生大量种子的品系。异花授粉比自交导致结实得多。使用笼养蜜蜂授粉是最有效的杂交方法。与蜜蜂授粉产生的杂交后代相比，扁豆种质的DABA浓度范围和变异系数更大。

著录项

  • 作者

    Coulombe, Bruce Armand.;

  • 作者单位

    Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.;

  • 授予单位 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1988
  • 页码 84 p.
  • 总页数 84
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农学（农艺学）;
  • 关键词

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