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A comparison of the composition and properties of municipal solid waste incinerator ashes based on incinerator configuration and operation.

机译：根据焚化炉的配置和操作，比较城市固体垃圾焚烧炉灰的成分和性能。

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摘要

Disposal of municipal solid wastes (MSW) is becoming a problem nationwide. Many sanitary landfills are either closing or approaching maximum capacity. With new landfills becoming difficult to site, alternative methods must be used to reduce the volume being disposed in landfills.; Incineration, through thermal destruction, reduces the volume of MSW by up to 85%. However, problems do exist with the resulting fly and bottom ashes. Metals are not destroyed by this process, but are concentrated within the ashes. A majority of the ashes fail EPA's Extraction Procedure Toxicity Test by exceeding either cadmium or lead concentration limits.; The objectives of this dissertation were threefold: (i) examine the physical and chemical properties of ashes; (ii) determine ash composition and morphology; and (iii) determine extractive behavior of cadmium, chromium and lead in an aqueous environment. Three different incinerators, from Canada, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, burning primarily residential MSW, were chosen to determine equipment and operational effects on ash composition and extractive behavior.; Supplemental combustion air provided more complete combustion. Cadmium, potassium and sodium preferentially partitioned to the fly ash with lead partitioning differently between fly and bottom ashes depending on the incinerator.; Fly ash morphology and composition did not vary significantly between incinerators. The ash matrices were composed primarily of complex, multi-substituted aluminosilicates, amorphous glass and iron oxides. CaSO{dollar}sb4{dollar}, NaCl and KCl were the predominant species. SEM micrographs showed a variety of shapes throughout the particle ranges with crystals heavily dispersed on the surfaces.; Extraction of cadmium was shown to depend on extractant pH while lead extraction varied according to the anion added to the solution. Increased lead solubility resulted from ligand formation. Extraction of both metals was approximately 80%. Chromium was not affected by either condition and approximately 15% was recovered.; The conditions developed in this dissertation can be used to develop on- or off-site processes where the metals are extracted from the ashes, thus preventing environmental contamination.; A theoretical model was developed to explain the increased solubility resulting from acidity and ligand effects. Qualitative results were obtained which correlated closely with experimental results.
机译：处置城市固体废物（MSW）成为全国性的问题。许多卫生垃圾填埋场即将关闭或接近最大处理量。随着新的垃圾填埋场变得难以放置，必须使用替代方法来减少垃圾填埋场的体积。通过热破坏进行焚化可将城市固体废弃物的体积减少多达85％。但是，产生的粉煤灰和底灰确实存在问题。金属不会被该过程破坏，而是集中在灰烬中。大多数灰烬都超过了镉或铅的浓度限值，因此未通过EPA的提取程序毒性试验。本论文的目标是三方面的：（一）检查骨灰的理化特性； （ii）确定灰分的组成和形态； （iii）确定在水性环境中镉，铬和铅的萃取行为。选择了来自加拿大，马萨诸塞州和新泽西州的三种不同的焚化炉，主要焚烧住宅生活垃圾，以确定对灰分组成和提取行为的设备和操作影响。补充燃烧空气提供了更完全的燃烧。镉，钾和钠优先分配到粉煤灰，铅根据焚烧炉在粉煤灰和底灰之间的分配不同。在焚烧炉之间，粉煤灰的形态和组成没有明显变化。灰分基质主要由复杂的，多取代的铝硅酸盐，无定形玻璃和氧化铁组成。 CaSO {dol} sb4 {dol}，NaCl和KCl是主要种类。 SEM显微照片显示在整个粒子范围内各种形状，且晶体严重分散在表面上。结果表明，镉的萃取取决于萃取剂的pH值，而铅的萃取则根据添加到溶液中的阴离子而变化。铅的溶解度增加是由于配体的形成。两种金属的萃取率约为80％。铬不受这两种条件的影响，回收了约15％。本论文开发的条件可用于开发现场或异地工艺，从灰烬中提取金属，从而防止环境污染。建立了理论模型来解释由于酸度和配体效应而增加的溶解度。获得了与实验结果密切相关的定性结果。

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  • 作者

    Ontiveros, Jean-Luc.;

  • 作者单位

    Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;

  • 授予单位 Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;
  • 学科 Engineering Chemical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1988
  • 页码 375 p.
  • 总页数 375
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 化工过程（物理过程及物理化学过程）;
  • 关键词

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