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COOPERATIVE INDIVIDUALISM AND THE GROWTH OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AT THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 1928--1953.

机译:合作个人主义与分子生物学的发展,加利福尼亚理工学院,1928--1953年。

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摘要

During the 1930s and 1940s biology in America underwent major changes in intellectual focus and in the organization of research. One of the most prominent outcomes of these changes was the emergence of the new discipline of molecular biology: a cooperative physico-chemical biology unaffiliated with medical research, focusing primarily on areas related to studies of the gene. During those two decades, the new biology under the aegis of the Rockefeller Foundation's molecular biology program, was transformed into "big science," a multi-team research enterprise centered around expensive and sophisticated technology. The California Institute of Technology (Caltech), a primary recipient of the Rockefeller Foundation's grants under the new program, epitomized these new trends in biology, becoming by the early 1950s a world-center of molecular biology.; This thesis traces the growth of molecular biology at Caltech since the establishment in 1928 of the biology division at the institute under geneticist Thomas H. Morgan. Caltech's rise to prominence in the life sciences is described primarily through the evolution of the scientific programs under the leadership of four of the principal founders of molecular biology: Morgan, George Beadle, Max Delbruck, and Linus Pauling. Exemplars of the Institute's cooperative ideal, these powerful scientific managers, through their intellectual agendas and access to resources, developed remarkably influential research schools.; The dissertation recounts the shift to physico-chemical genetics under Morgan, the development of Beadle's program in biochemical genetics in Neurospora and Delbruck's researches in phage genetics. These studies were complemented by Pauling's investigations of protein structure, and by his work on antibodies. Within the paradigm of the protein view of life, the study of proteins, genes, viruses, and antibodies formed a structural unity. Special attention has been given to the Rockefeller Foundation, which furnished not only the financial means, but also the general guidelines and institutional resources that shaped the course of molecular biology.
机译:在1930年代和1940年代,美国生物学在智力研究和研究组织方面发生了重大变化。这些变化最显着的结果之一是分子生物学新学科的出现:与医学研究无关的一种物理化学化学合作生物学,主要集中在与基因研究有关的领域。在这二十年中,在洛克菲勒基金会分子生物学计划的主持下,新的生物学被转变为“大科学”,这是一家以昂贵和尖端技术为中心的多团队研究企业。加州理工学院(Caltech)是洛克菲勒基金会新计划资助的主要接受者,代表了生物学的这些新趋势,到1950年代初已成为分子生物学的世界中心。本论文追溯了自1928年在遗传学家托马斯·H·摩根(Thomas H. Morgan)领导下研究所成立生物学部门以来,加州理工学院分子生物学的发展。加州理工学院在生命科学领域的杰出地位主要是通过在四个主要分子生物学创始人(摩根,乔治·比德尔,麦克斯·德尔布吕克和莱纳斯·鲍林)的领导下科学计划的演变来描述的。这些强大的科学管理人员,是研究所合作理想的典范,通过他们的知识日程和对资源的利用,发展了非常有影响力的研究学校。论文叙述了在摩根领导下向物理化学遗传学的转变,比德尔在神经孢子虫中生化遗传学计划的发展以及德尔布鲁克对噬菌体遗传学的研究。 Pauling对蛋白质结构的研究以及他在抗体方面的工作对这些研究进行了补充。在蛋白质生命观的范式内,蛋白质,基因,病毒和抗体的研究形成了结构上的统一。洛克菲勒基金会(Rockefeller Foundation)得到了特别的关注,该基金会不仅提供财务手段,还提供了决定分子生物学进程的一般准则和机构资源。

著录项

  • 作者

    KAY, LILY ELVIRA.;

  • 作者单位

    The Johns Hopkins University.;

  • 授予单位 The Johns Hopkins University.;
  • 学科 Biology Molecular.; History of Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1987
  • 页码 318 p.
  • 总页数 318
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 分子遗传学;自然科学史;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:51:01

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