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HOLLYWOOD AND WORLD WAR II: ENLISTING FEATURE FILMS AS PROPAGANDA.

机译：好莱坞与第二次世界大战：以宣传片的形式加入特色影片。

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摘要

This study examines American war films released during World War II to determine what kinds of persuasive appeals were used to propagate support among the American people for the war. As well, the symbiotic wartime relationship between the Federal Government and the Hollywood film industry was investigated. The examination of 37 war films, 10 per cent of the total number of war films released from 1941 to 1945, yielded 48 different aural or visual persuasive appeals. These appeals were characterized in the form of statements with which their communicators desired the audience to agree. Examples include "The enemy is a savage, whose actions are cruel and barbaric," "We will win because the enemy underestimates our will," or "The enemy bombs indiscriminately." The appeals were classified under five main categories found throughout the history of war rhetoric: Guilt (the enemy, not we, caused this war), Satanism (comparisons that create polarities between us and our enemy, with the enemy always characterized in the negative), the Illusion of Victory (America's ultimate triumph is inevitable), Apocalypticism and Typology (Biblical metaphors and allusions promoting the notion that "God is on our side"), and Territoriality (the enemy poses a threat to us, our families and the American way of life). In the analysis, the general appeal category of Satanism was found to be the most used, utilizing nearly half of the appeals found in the sample. A harmonic relationship was found to exist between the major appeal categories, resulting in inter-category cooperation, e.g., a Satanism appeal used to amplify an illusion of victory statement. As well, this investigation noted that the plot conventions, icons and character types found in typically American genre films of the 1930's such as the western, foreign intrigue spy film, and the gangster film, were utilized, especially during the first year of the war, to aid in the successful packaging of these appeals.
机译：这项研究调查了在第二次世界大战期间发行的美国战争电影，以确定哪种说服力的呼吁被用来在美国人民中传播对战争的支持。同样，还研究了联邦政府与好莱坞电影业之间的共生战时关系。对1941年至1945年发行的战争电影总数的10％的37部战争电影的检查产生了48种不同的听觉或视觉说服力。这些呼吁以陈述的形式来表达，他们的传播者希望听众同意。例如“敌人是野蛮人，其行径是残酷和野蛮的”，“我们会赢，因为敌人低估了我们的意志”或“敌人肆意炸弹”。在整个战争言论的历史中，上诉分为五大类：罪恶（敌人，不是我们，引起了这场战争），撒旦主义（在我们与我们的敌人之间产生两极分化的比较，而敌人总是以负面为特征） ，胜利的幻觉（美国的最终胜利是不可避免的），世界末日主义和类型学（圣经的隐喻和典故提倡“上帝站在我们这一边”这一概念）和领土性（敌人对我们，我们的家庭和美国人构成威胁）生活方式）。在分析中，发现使用了撒旦教的一般呼吁类别是最常用的类别，它利用了样本中几乎一半的上诉。发现主要诉求类别之间存在谐和关系，从而导致了类别间的合作，例如，撒旦教义的诉求被用来放大对胜利陈述的幻想。同样，这项调查还指出，尤其是在战争的第一年期间，利用了在1930年代典型的美国体裁电影（例如西方，外国阴谋间谍电影和黑帮电影）中发现的情节惯例，图标和字符类型。 ，以帮助成功包装这些呼吁。

著录项

  • 作者

    DONALD, RALPH R.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Massachusetts Amherst.;

  • 授予单位 University of Massachusetts Amherst.;
  • 学科 Mass Communications.; Cinema.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1987
  • 页码 286 p.
  • 总页数 286
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 传播理论;电影、电视艺术;
  • 关键词

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