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PROBLEMS OF MARXIST ETHICS (MORALS, LENIN, PHILOSOPHY, COMMUNISM, SOCIALISM).

机译：马克思主义道德问题（道德，列宁，哲学，共产主义，社会主义）。

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摘要

Marxism is often accused of being morally unacceptable. Such accusations are bolstered by the lack of an explicit ethical component in Marx's work, as well as the Machiavellian tactics used by Marxists in their attempts to gain and maintain power.;I argue that Marx's ethical analysis demonstrates that this situation is not a post-Enlightenment phenomenon, but reflects a problem inherent in the ethics of class societies caused by the conflicting interests which exist in these societies. I also argue that Marxism is a form of Aristotelianism, and contains within it a functional conception of human nature. Marxism also contains an explanation of why human beings cannot systematically behave in ways consistent with this nature except in a socialist society. Lenin attempted to create that society.;Leninism is not an intrinsic failing of Marxism, but a historical phenomenon which took on a Marxist form and was used to attempt to facilitate the historical process in ways consistent with Marx's vision of history and human nature. Although Marxism does have its failings, most notably its description of a historical process which inevitably results in socialism, Marxist ethical theory provides an important conceptual context within which ethical decision-making in any class-structured society become apparent, as does the realization that the solutions to MacIntyre's ethical crisis are not conceptual but lie in changes in social organization.;Alasdair MacIntyre maintains that the ethical inadequacies of Marxism are particular instances of an ethical crisis which affects all of Western civilization and stems from the replacement of the classical functional definition of human nature by a liberal/modernist one. This transformation, he argues, combined with the Enlightenment secularization of culture, eliminated the possibility of basing ethics on a conception of human nature and thus of any agreement on what the basis of ethical decision-making should be. MacIntyre asserts that the solution to this dilemma must be a form of Aristotelianism, which is the paradigm of a functionalist ethics.
机译：马克思主义经常被指责为道德上不可接受的。马克思的工作缺乏明确的道德成分，以及马克思主义者试图获得和维持权力所采用的马基雅维利主义策略，加强了这种指控。我认为，马克思的道德分析表明，这种情况并非后世时期。启蒙现象，但反映出阶级社会的道德固有的一个问题，这些问题是由这些社会中存在的利益冲突引起的。我还认为，马克思主义是亚里士多德主义的一种形式，并且其中包含着人性的功能概念。马克思主义还解释了为什么人类除了在社会主义社会中不能系统地以这种性质行事。列宁试图创建那个社会。列宁主义不是马克思主义的内在失败，而是一种历史现象，它以马克思主义的形式出现，并被用来尝试以与马克思的历史观和人性观相一致的方式促进历史进程。尽管马克思主义确实有其失败之处，最值得注意的是它描述了不可避免地导致社会主义的历史过程，但马克思主义伦理学理论提供了重要的概念背景，任何阶级结构社会中的伦理决策都变得显而易见，认识到麦金太尔道德危机的解决方案不是概念性的，而是在于社会组织的变化。；阿拉斯代尔·麦金太尔坚持认为，马克思主义的伦理缺陷是道德危机的特殊实例，这种道德危机影响着整个西方文明，并且源于对经典的职能定义的替代。自由主义/现代主义者的人性。他认为，这种转变与启蒙文化的世俗化相结合，消除了将伦理学基于人性观念的可能性，从而消除了在道德决策的基础上达成任何共识的可能性。麦金太尔断言，解决这一难题的方法必须是一种亚里士多德主义，这是功能主义伦理学的范式。

著录项

  • 作者

    POSNER, MARC STEVEN.;

  • 作者单位

    Brandeis University.;

  • 授予单位 Brandeis University.;
  • 学科 Political Science General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1986
  • 页码 295 p.
  • 总页数 295
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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