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MORAL THEORY, MORAL AGENCY AND MARXIAN MORAL THEORY.

机译：道德理论，道德机构和马克思主义道德理论。

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摘要

It is usually supposed that it is possible to use one or another traditional moral theory (roughly, Aristotelian, Kantian or Utilitarian morality) to provide an adequate theoretical framework from within which to express the normative commitments of classical Marxism, but it is argued here that such a proposal fails. Classical Marxism presupposes a conception of human nature radically at odds with standard accounts of human nature assumed by traditional moral theories, and this conception serves as the basis for Marx's critique and rejection of traditional moral perspectives. Specifically, the traditional moral agent is thought to have a fixed or unchanging nature, whereas the Marxist theory of human nature is predicated on the idea that individuals create and change their nature through their activity. The Marxian account of human nature is therefore thoroughly historical and as such stands opposed to the ahistorical conceptions of human nature presupposed by traditional moral theories.;This negative conclusion leads to an examination of alternative ways of interpreting the normative commitments implicit in classical Marxism. It is shown that the Marxian critique of traditional moral theories is in fact a critique of the requirements of moral agency that those theories set down. This critique, moreover, converges in important respects with some contemporary criticisms of standard accounts of moral agency (e.g. by Williams, Stocker, Gilligan, Blum). Finally, an attempt is made to reconceptualise moral agency along lines suggested by the Marxian and contemporary critiques of traditional moral theory.
机译：通常认为可以使用一种或另一种传统道德理论（大致上，亚里士多德，康德或功利主义道德）来提供一个适当的理论框架，在其中可以表达古典马克思主义的规范性承诺，但有人认为，这样的建议失败了。古典马克思主义预设了与自然道德理论所假定的人性标准解释完全不同的人性概念，并且该概念成为马克思批判和拒绝传统道德观点的基础。具体而言，传统道德主体被认为具有固定或不变的本性，而马克思主义人性论则以个人通过其活动创造和改变其本性的思想为基础。因此，马克思关于人性的论述是完全历史性的，因此与传统道德理论所预设的人性的非历史性概念相反。该否定结论导致人们对解释古典马克思主义所隐含的规范承诺的另一种方式进行了研究。研究表明，马克思对传统道德理论的批判实际上是对那些理论所确立的道德代理要求的批判。而且，这种批评在一些重要方面与当代对道德代理标准说明的批评（例如威廉姆斯，斯托克，吉利根，布鲁姆）相融合。最后，试图按照马克思主义和当代对传统道德理论的批判所提出的思路，重新构想道德代理。

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  • 作者

    HUGHES, PAUL MICHAEL.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center.;
  • 学科 Philosophy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1986
  • 页码 361 p.
  • 总页数 361
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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