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首页> 外文学位 >PSYCHOLOGY AND POLITICS IN FRANCE, 1789-1851: THE INFLUENCE OF MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY ON THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES OF FRANCOIS GUIZOT, LOUIS BLANC, AND JULES MICHELET
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PSYCHOLOGY AND POLITICS IN FRANCE, 1789-1851: THE INFLUENCE OF MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY ON THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES OF FRANCOIS GUIZOT, LOUIS BLANC, AND JULES MICHELET

机译：法国的心理学和政治，1789-1851年：医学心理学对弗朗索瓦·居祖特，路易斯·布兰奇和朱尔斯·米切莱特的政治思想的影响

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During the first half of the nineteenth century, French alienists developed psychological diagnoses and treatments for insanity that were based primarily on medical rather than philosophical observations. Philippe Pinel and his followers supposedly discovered psychological laws that governed man's behavior, just as Isaac Newton had earlier found physical laws of the universe. As Michel Foucault demonstrated recently, in his Histoire de la folie a l'age classique, this scientific explanation for insanity was used to label and control deviants. In their major works, Francois Guizot, Louis Blanc and Jules Michelet reveal that they employed psychology to justify programs to condemn opposition.;Guizot presented the Orleanist expansion of government as a psychological therapy for the masses whose passions had been aroused. In order to control citizens' ideas, he modeled primary schools and censorship on treatment originally devised for the hospitalized patient. Guizot's refusal to extend suffrage was also based on medical assumptions, since he identified the people's demand for political liberty with the monomaniacal obsession of such a patient to gain freedom before he had been cured.;In contrast, Blanc relied on a physical treatment that was identified with economic revolution in order to cure society's ills. Alienists' writings demonstrate, however, that medical support for physical treatments, such as bleedings and purgatives, was outdated by the 1840's. Alienists' research generally buttressed Guizot's perspective.;Jules Michelet demonstrated, in answer to the conservative approach of Guizot, that the people would revolt against their own emotional pain. Neither Guizot's bourgeoisie nor Blanc's revolutionary vanguard would be needed to achieve national fraternity. Michelet was atypical in suggesting that insanity was a positive force. He believed in the autonomous role of the populace at a time when Guizot and Blanc trusted in the ability of political leaders to improve society by following scientific prescriptions, if need be, against the will of the majority. While Guizot's and Blanc's partisan employment of psychology often divided the nation, Michelet demonstrated that the label of insanity could also be used as a cry for national unity.
机译：在19世纪上半叶，法国的外国人开发了针对精神错乱的心理诊断和治疗方法，这些诊断和治疗方法主要基于医学而非哲学的观察。菲利普·皮涅尔（Philippe Pinel）和他的追随者据说发现了支配人类行为的心理定律，就像艾萨克·牛顿（Isaac Newton）早先发现宇宙的物理定律一样。正如米歇尔·福柯（Michel Foucault）最近在他的《历史报》（Histoire de la folie a lage）分类中所证明的那样，这种对精神错乱的科学解释被用来标记和控制偏差。弗朗索瓦·吉佐（Francois Guizot），路易斯·布兰克（Louis Blanc）和朱尔斯·米歇尔（Jules Michelet）在他们的主要作品中揭示，他们利用心理学来证明谴责反对派的方案是正确的。为了控制公民的思想，他根据最初为住院患者设计的治疗方法对小学和审查制度进行了建模。 Guizot拒绝扩大投票权也是基于医学上的假设，因为他发现人们对政治自由的需求是因为这种患者在治愈之前单身狂热地渴望获得自由。相反，Blanc依靠的是物理疗法。为了解决社会弊病而进行了经济革命。然而，外星人的著作表明，物理疗法的医疗支持（例如出血和泻药）在1840年代已经过时。外星人的研究总体上支持了吉佐特的观点。朱尔斯·米歇尔（Jules Michelet）回答了吉佐特的保守做法，表明人民会反抗自己的情感痛苦。吉佐特的资产阶级和布兰卡的革命先锋队都不需要实现全国联谊。米歇尔特在暗示精神错乱是一种积极力量方面是非典型的。他相信，在吉佐特和布兰克相信政治领导人有能力遵循大多数人的意愿（遵循必要的科学规定）改善社会的能力时，民众具有自治作用。尽管吉佐特和布兰克对党派的心理学使用常常使整个国家分裂，但米歇尔特（Michelet）证明，精神错乱的标签也可以用作民族团结的呼声。

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  • 作者

    CHASE, RICHARD RAYMOND, JR.;

  • 作者单位

    Tulane University.;

  • 授予单位 Tulane University.;
  • 学科 European history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1986
  • 页码 152 p.
  • 总页数 152
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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