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LYDIAN GRAVES AND BURIAL CUSTOMS (ASIA MINOR).

机译：LYDIAN GRAVES和BURIAL CUSTOMS（亚洲未成年人）。

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摘要

This thesis attempts to define the characteristic features of Lydian graves and burial customs during the 7th through the 4th centuries B.C. Funerary architecture, the ways in which graves were marked, and the furnishings and gifts with which tombs were equipped are considered as defining elements. In each of these categories, evidence from Sardis and from other sites in Lydia is presented and compared in a general way with that from other cultures in East Greece and western Asia Minor.; The primary source of information for Lydian graves and burial customs is the physical remains of the tombs and their contents. The disturbed condition of the archaeological record, however, presents certain problems in interpreting the material remains. Inscriptions found on funerary stelai contribute some information about Lydian attitudes towards the tomb and its equipment, but the incomplete state of our knowledge of the Lydian language makes secure interpretation of these texts impossible. Literary sources that relate to Lydian funerary practices are few and provide only limited assistance in filling in the gaps left by the physical evidence.; The archaeological record reveals a variety of burial types including simple cists, sarcophagi of clay and stone, carved chamber tombs and built chambers covered by tumuli. Stelai with formulaic curses against disturbing the tomb marked the entrances to some carved chamber complexes, while "phallos" markers are often found in association with built tombs and tumuli. Tomb furnishings in carved chambers are limited to rock-carved benches and sarcophagi. In built chamber tombs, simple freestanding benches or klinai of stone, some with elaborately carved legs, are found. Grave gifts mostly consist of vessels for eating and drinking and items of personal adornment.; On the basis of the archaeological evidence, the Lydians do not appear to have had a well-developed view of life beyond the grave. Their approach to funerary practices was eclectic, reflecting a combination of native Lydian (carved and built chambers), Anatolian (tumuli), Near Eastern (stelai with curse formulae) and East Greek (typical grave assemblages) traditions.
机译：本文试图界定公元前7至4世纪Lydian墓葬和墓葬习俗的特征。葬建筑，标记坟墓的方式以及墓葬所配备的家具和礼物被认为是决定性因素。在所有这些类别中，提出了撒迪斯和利迪亚其他地方的证据，并与东希腊和西亚小亚细亚其他文化的证据进行了比较。 Lydian坟墓和丧葬习俗的主要信息来源是坟墓的实际遗骸及其内容。然而，考古记录的混乱状况在解释材料遗体方面存在某些问题。在葬礼碑上发现的铭文有助于人们了解Lydian对陵墓及其设备的态度，但是我们对Lydian语言的了解还不够全面，无法对这些文字进行可靠的解释。与Lydian丧葬习俗有关的文献资料很少，仅能提供有限的帮助来弥补实物证据留下的空白。考古记录揭示了各种类型的墓葬，包括简单的拳头，粘土和石头的石棺，刻有墓室的墓葬和由肿瘤覆盖的内置墓室。斯泰莱（Stelai）用公式化的咒语来打乱坟墓，这标志着一些雕刻的墓室的入口，而“ phallos”标记通常与建好的坟墓和墓碑有关。雕刻室中的坟墓摆设仅限于岩石雕刻的长凳和石棺。在建造的墓室中，可以找到简单的独立式长椅或石制的克利奈石凳，其中一些具有精心雕刻的腿。严重的礼物主要由吃喝的器皿和个人装饰品组成。根据考古证据，Lydians人似乎对坟墓以外的生活没有很好的认识。他们采取的折衷办法是折衷的，反映了本地的Lydian（雕刻和建造的房间），Anatolian（古墓），Near Eastern（带有咒骂形式的Stelai）和East Greek（典型的坟墓组合）传统的组合。

著录项

  • 作者

    MCLAUCHLIN, BARBARA KELLEY.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Berkeley.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Berkeley.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Archaeology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1985
  • 页码 443 p.
  • 总页数 443
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 古人类学;
  • 关键词

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