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首页> 外文学位 >WATER STATUS, HIGH TEMPERATURE, AND GENOTYPE EFFECTS ON SOME PROCESSES WHICH INFLUENCE MAIZE SEED SET (ZEA MAYS L., LOW WATER POTENTIAL, POLLEN VIABILITY, IN VIVO ASSAY, STRESS).
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WATER STATUS, HIGH TEMPERATURE, AND GENOTYPE EFFECTS ON SOME PROCESSES WHICH INFLUENCE MAIZE SEED SET (ZEA MAYS L., LOW WATER POTENTIAL, POLLEN VIABILITY, IN VIVO ASSAY, STRESS).

机译：水状态，高温和基因型效应对某些影响玉米种子结实的过程的影响（ZEA MAYS L.，低水势，花粉活力，体内分析，应力）。

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摘要

Drought and high temperatures during pollination and fertilization greatly reduce kernel number in maize (Zea mays L.). Studies were conducted to determine the response of ear receptivity (the ability of the ear to set seed if the silks are pollinated), pollen viability, and pollen production to heat and water stress. These processes are involved in determining kernel number.;Silk turgor was maintained at a higher level in the heat-sensitive hybrid than in the other hybrids when the plants were uniformly water stressed as measured by ear leaf water potential. There were no differences in silk osmotic potential among the hybrids. Therefore, the heat-sensitive hybrid maintained higher silk turgor due to some characteristic other than superior silk osmoregulatory capability. These data also indicate that the variations in silk turgor did not affect pollen germination and fertilization because seed set was decreased the most in the heat-sensitive hybrid. Water potentials of the pollen were unaffected by varying whole plant water levels and were considerably lower than those of the ear leaf. Pollen from a heat-stressed tassel was irregular in shape and/or shriveled.;Analysis of data collected from a diallel set of crosses for in vitro pollen viability, anther emergence, and tassel death or "blast" indicated both pollen production and viability must be considered in tassel heat tolerance. The tassel of the inbred Mo17 was most tolerant to high temperatures and was the only inbred with a Lancaster background. Some of the inbreds (e.g., B73) would be useful as testers for the traits measured since they were poor in the traits measured but well adapted generally.;Ear receptivity, measured by seed set, of a prolific, a commercial, and a high temperature sensitive hybrid decreased by 9, 15, and 31%, respectively, when the whole plant was water stressed. The water deficit was imposed from the day before pollination unit two days after pollination. Pollen viability was unaffected by a water deficit imposed one day before pollen collection. Kernel numbers were reduced 53, 72, and 87% for the commercial, prolific, and heat sensitive hybrids, respectively, when the tassel was heat stressed. The percent reduction in kernel number was higher for the heat-stressed pollen than for the well-watered pollen when the female plant was water stressed. However, the decreases in kernel number were not very different.
机译：授粉和施肥期间的干旱和高温极大地降低了玉米的籽粒数量（Zea mays L.）。进行了研究以确定耳朵的接受能力（如果将丝绸授粉，则耳朵结实种子的能力），花粉的活力以及花粉产生对热和水分胁迫的响应。这些过程涉及确定籽粒数量。当通过穗叶水势测量植物受到一致的水分胁迫时，热敏杂种中的丝绸膨松度保持在比其他杂种更高的水平。杂种之间的丝渗透势没有差异。因此，由于具有优异的渗透压调节能力以外的一些特性，热敏杂种保持了较高的膨松度。这些数据还表明，由于热敏杂交种中结实率下降最多，丝膨大度的变化不会影响花粉的发芽和受精。花粉的水势不受整个植物水位变化的影响，并且远低于耳叶的水势。从热应激的流苏中得到的花粉形状不规则和/或皱缩。;对从二叉杂交组收集的数据进行体外花粉生存力，花药出苗和流苏死亡或“爆炸”的分析表明，花粉的产生和生存力必须被认为是流苏的耐热性。近交Mo17的流苏对高温的耐受性最高，并且是唯一具有兰开斯特背景的近交。一些自交系（例如B73）可用作测试性状的测试者，因为它们的性状较差，但总体适应性较好。多籽性，商业性和高亲和性（通过种子结实测定）当整个植物处于缺水状态时，温度敏感型杂交种分别降低了9％，15％和31％。从授粉后两天的授粉单元前一天开始缺水。花粉生存能力不受花粉采集前一天缺水的影响。当流苏受热时，商业，多产和热敏杂种的内核数分别减少53％，72％和87％。当雌性植物受到水分胁迫时，热胁迫花粉的粒数减少百分数高于浇水良好的花粉。但是，内核数量的减少并没有太大差异。

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  • 作者

    SCHOPER, JOHN BRADLEY.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1985
  • 页码 69 p.
  • 总页数 69
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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