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>MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES OF SEDIMENTOLOGICAL DATA AT TWO EARLY BRONZE AGE SITES, BAB EDH-DHRA AND NUMEIRA, SOUTHEAST DEAD SEA GRABEN, JORDAN (SEDIMENTATION, GEOMATH, GEOARCHEOLOGY).
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MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES OF SEDIMENTOLOGICAL DATA AT TWO EARLY BRONZE AGE SITES, BAB EDH-DHRA AND NUMEIRA, SOUTHEAST DEAD SEA GRABEN, JORDAN (SEDIMENTATION, GEOMATH, GEOARCHEOLOGY).
Sedimentation at two Early Bronze Age sites of Bab edh-Dhra and Numeira, located on alluvial terraces east of the Dead Sea graben in Jordan, has been studied.; The analyzed sediment samples include the Lisan Marl (crops out only at Bab edh-Dhra), clay, sand, gravels, mud brick, plaster, ash, puddling, slope wash (sampled only at Bab edh-Dhra), and soil.; Characterization of the sediments of these two archeological sites was possible following textural, mineralogical, and chemical analyses of 334 sediment samples. The sediment facies possess unique characteristics that allow their identification.; Application of cluster analysis to the laboratory data resulted in the segregation of the sediments into four facies: pre-occupational, occupational, post-occupational, and soil. The sediments were amalgamated on the basis of their similarity coefficients. The Lisan Marl, clay, sand, and gravels were clustered in the pre-occupational facies; the mud brick, plaster, and ash were amalgamated in the occupational facies; the puddling, slope wash, mud brick collapse and detritus were joined together in the post-occupational facies; and the soils constitute the fourth facies.; Application of factor analysis to the mineralogical data matrix produced a four-fold classification of the analyzed sediments: siliciclastic, argillaceous, carbonate, and evaporite. The proportions of sediment types in the four categories are 27 percent, 20 percent, 46 percent, and 7 percent respectively.; Sources of mud brick and plaster were derived from the results of the textural, mineralogical, chemical, and multivariate analyses. The Lisan Marl, clay, and sand are the source materials for these two cultural products. However, they vary in proportion among the two products and between the two sites. The two cultural products are more marly at Bab edh-Dhra and more sandy at Numeira.; The location and topography, bedrock geology, and occupational history at the two sites are the causes of the differences in the characteristics of their sediment piles. Bab edh-Dhra sediments are finer grained, better sorted, and more finely skewed than those at Numeira. At the latter, they contain more quartz and less calcium carbonate while there is more calcite, aragonite and calcium carbonate at the former.
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机译：研究了位于约旦死海地区以东的冲积阶地的Bab edh-Dhra和Numeira的两个早期青铜时代遗址的沉积。被分析的沉积物样本包括Lisan Marl（仅在Bab edh-Dhra出土），粘土，沙子，砾石，泥砖，灰泥，灰烬，水坑，斜坡洗（仅在Bab edh-Dhra采出）和土壤。通过对334个沉积物样本进行结构，矿物学和化学分析，可以表征这两个考古遗址的沉积物。沉积物相具有独特的特征，可以对其进行识别。将聚类分析应用于实验室数据可将沉积物隔离为四个相：职业前，职业，职业后和土壤。根据相似系数将沉积物合并。利桑泥灰岩，黏土，沙子和砾石聚集在前职业相中。在职业相中将泥砖，灰泥和灰烬混合在一起；在工作后相中将水坑，斜坡冲刷，泥砖坍塌和碎屑结合在一起。土壤构成第四相。将因子分析应用于矿物学数据矩阵后，可对沉积物进行四级分类：硅质碎屑岩，泥质碳酸盐岩，碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩。四类沉积物类型的比例分别为27％，20％，46％和7％。泥砖和灰泥的来源来自质地，矿物学，化学和多元分析的结果。利桑泥，粘土和沙子是这两种文化产品的原料。但是，它们在两种产品之间以及两个站点之间的比例有所不同。 Bab edh-Dhra的两种文化产物更加沼泽，Numeira的土壤更加沙质。这两个地点的位置和地形，基岩地质和职业历史是造成其沉积物桩特征差异的原因。与Numeira的沉积物相比，Bab edh-Dhra沉积物的颗粒更细，分类更好，更细。在后者中，它们包含更多的石英和更少的碳酸钙，而在前者中则包含更多的方解石，文石和碳酸钙。
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