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首页> 外文学位 >Long-term effects of land application of poultry manure on crop production, and soil and water quality under a corn-soybean rotation system in Iowa.
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Long-term effects of land application of poultry manure on crop production, and soil and water quality under a corn-soybean rotation system in Iowa.

机译：在爱荷华州的玉米-大豆轮作制度下，家禽粪便土地施用对作物生产以及土壤和水质的长期影响。

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摘要

In recent years, the poultry industry has seen a steady growth in Iowa. With the increase in the broiler and egg industry, the public is concerned about the potential threat to environmental quality (surface and subsurface water and air quality) from increased volumes of poultry manure. Although the effect of poultry manure on crop production has been studied, its effects on water quality, under corn and soybean rotation, in Iowa have not been extensively studied. Therefore, a long-term study was initiated in 1998 to investigate the impacts of poultry manure on crop production and environmental quality (soil and water quality). This thesis will present the results of this eight year study (1998 to 2005) on land application of poultry manure on (i) crop yields and crop quality (ii) subsurface drain water quality, and (iii) soil quality. Eleven experimental field plots of sizes varying from 0.14 to 0.4 ha were used in this study. Each field plot was drained by a single subsurface drain line passing through the center of the plot. These subsurface drain lines were intercepted at the end of the plot to collect water samples for water quality analyses. Corn and soybeans were planted in the same plot with corn on half of the plot and soybean on the other half. Only the corn side received the N fertilizer (poultry manure or Urea Ammonium Nitrate, UAN). Subsurface drain water samples were collected weekly during the growing season (March-October) and analyzed for NO3-N and PO 4-P concentration. Soil samples were collected before planting and after harvesting each year and analyzed for NO3-N and PO4-P at 5 different depths of the soil profile. Corn stalk samples were also collected after harvest at the height of 20-25 cm from the ground and analyzed for nitrogen concentration. Two application rates of poultry manure (168 kg-N/ha and 336 kg-N/ha) and one application rate of UAN (168 kg-N/ha) were applied in split plot design with unbalance replications. A check plot, not receiving any fertilizer (neither poultry manure nor UAN) during the study period, was also used to collect data on crop yields, and soil and water quality for comparison purposes. Statistically, data on corn and soybean yields were analyzed separately for all treatments. The overall results of this study for the eight year period (1998-2005) showed that applications at higher rates resulted in high NO 3-N and PO4-P losses in comparison to lower application rates of poultry manure or UAN (168 kg-N/ha). Also, the results of this study showed that higher N application rates from poultry manure did increase corn yields significantly when compared to lower N application rates from either poultry manure or UAN. Plots receiving poultry manure at the same rates as those of UAN (168 kg-N/ha) resulted in significantly higher corn yields. This shows that poultry manure gives a better N fertilizer value for corn yields.
机译：近年来，爱荷华州的家禽业稳定增长。随着肉鸡和蛋产业的增长，公众越来越担心家禽粪便的数量对环境质量（地表和地下水以及空气质量）的潜在威胁。尽管已经研究了家禽粪便对作物生产的影响，但是在爱荷华州，玉米和大豆轮作下，家禽粪便对水质的影响尚未得到广泛研究。因此，1998年开始了一项长期研究，以调查家禽粪便对作物生产和环境质量（土壤和水质）的影响。本文将介绍这项关于家禽粪便土地应用的八年研究（1998年至2005年）的结果，该研究涉及（i）作物产量和作物质量（ii）地下排水水质量以及（iii）土壤质量。在这项研究中使用了11个大小从0.14到0.4公顷不等的实验场图。每个现场图由一条穿过图中心的地下排水线排水。这些地下排水管线在样地结束时被截取，以收集水样进行水质分析。玉米和大豆种植在同一地块，其中一半种植玉米，另一半种植大豆。只有玉米一侧接受氮肥（家禽粪便或硝酸尿素铵）。在生长季节（3月至10月）每周收集一次地下排水样品，并分析NO3-N和PO 4-P的浓度。每年在种植前和收获后收集土壤样品，并在5个不同深度的土壤剖面中分析NO3-N和PO4-P。收获后还从地面20-25厘米的高度收集玉米秸秆样品，并分析其氮浓度。在不均衡重复样地设计中，两种家禽粪肥施用量（168 kg-N / ha和336 kg-N / ha）和一种UAN施用粪肥（168 kg-N / ha）。在研究期间，未使用任何肥料（家禽粪便和UAN）均未使用的检查地块也用于收集有关作物产量以及土壤和水质的数据，以作比较。从统计学上讲，所有处理方法均单独分析了玉米和大豆单产的数据。这项为期八年（1998-2005年）研究的总体结果表明，与较低的家禽粪便或UAN施用量（168 kg-N）相比，较高的施用量会导致较高的NO 3-N和PO4-P损失。 /哈）。同样，这项研究的结果表明，与较低的家禽粪便或UAN中的氮肥施用量相比，较高的禽畜粪便中的氮施用量确实显着提高了玉米产量。以与UAN（168 kg-N / ha）相同的比例接受家禽粪便的地块导致玉米单产显着提高。这表明家禽粪便为玉米产量提供了更好的氮肥价值。

著录项

  • 作者

    Nguyen, Huy Quang.;

  • 作者单位

    Iowa State University.;

  • 授予单位 Iowa State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.Environmental Sciences.Agriculture General.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 94 p.
  • 总页数 94
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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