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首页> 外文学位 >THE TOXICOKINETICS AND TOXICODYNAMICS OF T-2 TOXIN IN SWINE AND CATTLE.
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THE TOXICOKINETICS AND TOXICODYNAMICS OF T-2 TOXIN IN SWINE AND CATTLE.

机译：T-2毒素在猪和牛中的毒理动力学和毒理动力学。

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摘要

T-2 toxin is a toxic mold metabolite, produced expecially by Fusarium sporotrichioides in grains with high moisture concentrations and undulating temperatures. Although T-2 toxicoses are not frequently reported in North America, a few serious outbreaks have occurred in farm animals. Sever epidemics affecting domestic animals and humans have been reported in the USSR. Moreover, there have been recent reports in the popular press of T-2 toxicoses in Asia as a result of alleged human exposure to a chemical warfare agent commonly called "Yellow Rain.";Gilts received T-2 toxin in sublethal and lethal intravascular doses, lethal oral doses, and sublethal dermal doses. Heifers received sublethal oral and both sublethal and lethal intravascular dosages. Lesions included lymphoid necrosis primarily affecting B-cells, but T-cells were also damaged. Necrosis of bone marrow cells occurred only at potentially lethal doses.;In swine the gastric fundus was severely congested and mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage sometimes occurrred in these areas. Intestinal lesions in swine were more severe after intragastric as opposed to intravascular doses. These included lymphoid necrosis, crypt necrosis, shortened microvilli, and vascular congestion.;One calf died after an intravascular dose of T-2 toxin at 1.2 mg/kg, having developed a "hemorrhagic bowel syndrome" with severe necrosis in the jejunum, ileum, and colon.;Clinical pathology studies in swine and calves revealed polycythemia and initial leukocytosis, largely attributable to neutrophilia, followed by lymphopenia. There were increases in aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and decreases in serum calcium, which were sometimes profound.;After intravascular administration, the disappearance of parent T-2 toxin followed a 2-compartment open model with mean elimination phase half-lives of 13.8 and 17.4 minutes and mean apparent specific volumes of distribution of 0.366 and 0.376 l/kg in swine and calves, respectively. The fraction of T-2 toxin eliminated as parent compound in urine was negligible. In spite of administration of a lethal oral dose in swine and a toxic oral dose in calves, no parent T-2 toxin was detected in plasma or urine.;After intravascular administration, tissue concentrations of T-2 toxin were highest in lymphoid organs. Tissue residues of T-2 toxin were rapidly depleted and, after potentially lethal intravascular doses, no quantifiable T-2 toxin was present in any tissue at 4 hours after dosing. No T-2 toxin could be detected in liver, at 1 hour after dosing.
机译：T-2毒素是一种有毒的霉菌代谢产物，特别是由镰孢镰刀菌（Fusarium sporotrichioides）在高水分含量和起伏温度的谷物中产生的。尽管在北美并不经常报道T-2毒物，但是在农场动物中还是发生了几次严重的暴发。苏联已经报道了影响家畜和人类的严重流行病。此外，由于据称人类暴露于通常称为“黄雨”的化学战剂，结果在亚洲流行的T-2毒物报导中也有报道； G鱼以致死性和致死性血管内剂量接受T-2毒素。 ，致命的口服剂量和半致死的皮肤剂量。小母牛接受了亚致死性口服，亚致死性和致死性血管内给药。病变包括淋巴样坏死，主要影响B细胞，但T细胞也受损。骨髓细胞坏死仅在可能致命的剂量下发生。在猪中，胃底严重充血，在这些区域有时发生粘膜坏死和出血。与血管内剂量相比，胃内注射后猪的肠道病变更为严重。其中包括淋巴样坏死，隐窝坏死，微绒毛缩短和血管充血。；一头小牛在血管内注射1.2 mg / kg的T-2毒素后死亡，发展为“出血性肠综合征”，空肠，回肠严重坏死。猪和犊牛的临床病理研究表明，红细胞增多症和最初的白细胞增多，主要归因于中性粒细胞增多，其次是淋巴细胞减少。天门冬氨酸转氨酶，肌酐，血尿素氮，无机磷增加，血清钙减少，有时甚至是深远的。血管内给药后，母体T-2毒素的消失遵循2室开放模型，平均消除阶段猪和牛的半衰期分别为13.8分钟和17.4分钟，平均表观比体积分别为0.366和0.376 l / kg。尿液中作为母体化合物消除的T-2毒素比例可忽略不计。尽管在猪中给予了致命的口服剂量，而在犊牛中给予了毒性口服剂量，但在血浆或尿液中未检测到母体T-2毒素。血管内给药后，淋巴器官中T-2毒素的组织浓度最高。 T-2毒素的组织残留迅速耗尽，在可能致命的血管内剂量后，给药后4小时在任何组织中均没有可量化的T-2毒素存在。给药后1小时，在肝脏中未检测到T-2毒素。

著录项

  • 作者

    BEASLEY, VAL RICHARD.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Biology Veterinary Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1984
  • 页码 507 p.
  • 总页数 507
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 动物学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:51:12

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