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首页> 外文学位 >PAPAGO FIELDS: ARID LANDS ETHNOBOTANY AND AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY (ARIZONA, MEXICO).
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PAPAGO FIELDS: ARID LANDS ETHNOBOTANY AND AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY (ARIZONA, MEXICO).

机译：PAPAGO田地：干旱土地上的民族聚居区和农业生态学（墨西哥亚利桑那州）。

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摘要

Papago Indian fields located in southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico are examples of a food production strategy that was developed within the constraints of a water-limited environment. Although only a small percentage of the fields cultivated at the turn of the century remain in cultivation, extant fields are vestiges of an agricultural tradition that has persisted in arid lands for centuries. An examination of the documentary history of non-Indian observations of Papago agriculture and water control from 1697 to 1934 reveals numerous practices and features that are no longer apparent within or around remaining fields. Yet by learning from oral historical accounts of elderly Papago, and analyzing O'odham lexemes (native Papago terms) which guide farmers' management of fields, it is possible to gain a sense of folk science which Papago developed to successfully farm without permanent surface water reserves.;Selected concepts from the folk science of the Papago are used as a point of departure in understanding the ecological processes which function within their fields. Standard field ecology methods were adapted to empirically test certain hypotheses relating to these ecological processes. Results include confirmation that Papago fields are situated in a variety of physiographic positions, and that 'ak-cin arroyo mouth' farming is a misnomer. Papago crops exhibit many of the same drought-escaping adaptations as wild summer desert ephemerals for seed production during the brief summer rainy season, which varies from year to year in the date of its initiation. These adaptations greatly contribute to crop success. There are no significant differences in the diversity of herbaceous plants found in Papago fields compared to the diversity found in adjacent, uncultivated environments. Of the many nutrients analyzed in cultivated and uncultivated floodplain soils, only potassium was significantly richer in fields than in uncultivated floodplains; other differences were statistically insignificant. Floodwashed organic detritus, rather than the floodwaters themselves, appear to play the major role in renewing field soil fertility in certain localities. It is concluded that indigenous concepts which have long guided the management of traditional agricultural systems are of heuristic value in understanding how these farming systems function ecologically.
机译：位于亚利桑那州南部和墨西哥北部索诺拉州的帕帕戈印第安人田地是在限水环境的约束下制定的粮食生产战略的例子。尽管在世纪之交的耕地中只有一小部分保留在耕作中，但现存的耕地是农业传统的遗迹，这种耕作在干旱土地上已有数百年的历史了。对1697年至1934年间非印度人对帕帕戈农业和水利控制观测资料的文献历史的考察发现，许多实践和特征在其余田地内部或周围不再明显。然而，通过学习老年帕帕果的口述历史记录，并分析指导农民管理田地的O'odham词素（帕帕果的本国术语），就有可能获得帕帕戈发展而无需永久地表水就能成功耕种的民间科学知识从Papago的民间科学中选择的概念被用作出发点，以了解在其领域内起作用的生态过程。修改了标准的田间生态方法，以实证检验与这些生态过程有关的某些假设。结果包括证实了帕帕戈（Papago）田地处于多种生理位置，并且“ ak-cin arroyo口”耕种是错误的称呼。在短暂的夏季雨季，木瓜作物表现出与野生夏季沙漠短命植物相同的多种干旱逃避适应性，在始发之日每年都有变化。这些适应极大地促进了作物的成功。与在邻近的，未经耕种的环境中发现的多样性相比，在巴巴哥地区发现的草本植物的多样性没有显着差异。在耕种和未耕作的洪泛区土壤中分析的许多养分中，只有钾比未耕作的洪泛区的钾含量显着提高；其他差异在统计学上不显着。在某些地区，洪水冲刷的有机碎屑而不是洪水本身在更新田间土壤肥力中起主要作用。可以得出结论，长期指导传统农业系统管理的土著概念在理解这些农业系统的生态功能方面具有启发性价值。

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  • 作者

    NABHAN, GARY PAUL.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Arizona.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Arizona.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1983
  • 页码 246 p.
  • 总页数 246
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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