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POWER IN RURAL SOCIETY: NORTH CHINA VILLAGES, 1900 - 1940.

机译：乡村社会的力量：1900年至1940年的华北乡村。

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摘要

The study asks the questions: who wielded power in the rural society of north China before liberation and how did they do so? It examines the relations of power in this society through various institutions such as religion, kinship and patronage, and studies the impact upon these relations of "state making", a major historical development of this period.;The study also addresses certain relationships and institutions that organized power in society which are relatively impervious to the historical impact of state making. These include certain types of religious associations, water control organizations, and the relations of the village to the market. The enduring character of these social phenomena gives them a significance that transcends the limits of the area and period under study.;The deepening penetration of local society by the state was a very important factor in transforming the institutional framework within which leadership and authority were expressed in the villages. The creation of new, formal political institutions in the village by the state in the early 20th century had the effect of separating the performance of community functions embedded in religion, kinship and the middleman's role from the exercise of political power. Subsequently, certain developments combined to make village office such as unrewarding task that traditional community leaders began to shun public office and village politics came to be dominated by political entrepreneurs and the "local bully". Although the wars of the 20th century and the demands made on the rural populace played their role, the study suggests that the contribution of state making to this crisis of authority can no longer be underestimated. The particular form of state making in China which was so important for this development evolved from the brokerage model of state-society relations--pattern of relations which the Republican state inherited from its imperial predecessor.
机译：该研究提出了以下问题：解放前谁在华北农村社会行使权力，他们是怎么做到的？它通过宗教，亲属关系和赞助等各种制度研究了社会中的权力关系，并研究了这一时期的重要历史发展对“国家缔造”的关系的影响。社会中有组织的力量，相对不受国家历史影响的影响。这些包括某些类型的宗教协会，水利控制组织以及村庄与市场的关系。这些社会现象的持久特征使其具有超越研究领域和时期的局限性的意义。国家对地方社会的深入渗透是转变表达领导和权威的体制框架的重要因素在村庄里。国家在20世纪初期在村庄中建立了新的正式政治机构，其作用是将行使宗教，亲属关系和中间人角色所嵌入的社区功能与行使政治权力分开。随后，某些事态发展相结合，使村民办公室成为一项艰巨的任务，如传统社区领袖开始回避公职，村民政治开始受到政治企业家和“当地霸王”的支配。尽管20世纪的战争和对农村人口的需求发挥了作用，但该研究表明，国家对这场权威危机的贡献不可低估。对中国发展至关重要的一种特殊形式的国家决策形式，是从国家与社会关系的经纪模式发展而来的，这种模式是共和制国家从其帝国前身继承而来的。

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  • 作者

    DUARA, PRASENJIT.;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard University.;

  • 授予单位 Harvard University.;
  • 学科 History Asia Australia and Oceania.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1983
  • 页码 424 p.
  • 总页数 424
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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