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Marine community assembly in a dynamic ecotone

机译：动态生态圈中的海洋社区集会

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摘要

Species distributions are shifting with climate change. By altering the presence and distribution of biogenic foundation species, climate change effectively modifies habitat. Where biogenic habitats meet, a patchy ecotone landscape forms. The impacts that range shifts and habitat modification have on broader ecological communities will depend in part on how communities assemble in frontier landscapes of patchy habitat. Here, as a case study, I investigate marine fauna community formation and habitat associations along a wetland ecotone in which tropical mangroves invade temperate saltmarsh. When foundation species shift ranges, resulting changes in geographic context and local conditions will affect the contributions of dispersal limitation and species sorting to assembly. By evaluating the presence of community structure -- grouping of species -- in larval supply and settlers in each pure landscape and into the ecotone, I determine that ecotone marine communities are shaped by habitat-based sorting but not dispersal limitation. Where inhabitant species can access the ecotone, the attributes that inform habitat use and the scale(s) at which inhabitants distinguish between habitat types within an ecotone should determine the apparency of emerging patches along the range edge, affecting the precision with which inhabitants occupy them. I monitored marine fauna within an experimental array that isolated physical structure from broader habitat patch attributes, revealing that nested scales of habitat sensitivity should result in increasing community divergence as habitat patches expand along the range edge. Finally, habitat associations at settlement may be driven by preference or survival. I determine habitat-specific recruitment patterns of Callinectes spp. (Decapoda: Portunidae) crabs in the ecotone and use lab trials to determine that associations are driven by preference for and superior survival in vegetation with branched architecture. Together, these results demonstrate that marine fauna are sensitive to changes in structural attributes and fine-scale emergence of mangrove habitat within marshes, which do not provide equivalent habitat. This work also contributes to our understanding of community formation in a transitional landscape, illuminating the influence of patchy foundation species expansion on community-structuring ecological processes.
机译：物种分布随着气候变化而变化。通过改变生物基础物种的存在和分布，气候变化有效地改变了栖息地。在生物源生境相遇的地方，形成了斑驳的过渡带景观。范围变化和栖息地改变对更广泛的生态社区的影响将部分取决于社区如何在斑驳的栖息地边界景观中聚集。在这里，作为案例研究，我沿着热带红树林入侵温带盐沼的湿地过渡带调查了海洋动物群落的形成和栖息地的关联。当基础物种的范围发生变化时，地理环境和当地条件的变化将影响扩散限制和物种分类对组装的贡献。通过评估每个纯景观以及过渡带中幼体供应和定居者中群落结构（物种分组）的存在，我确定过渡带海洋群落是由基于栖息地的排序而非分散限制所形成的。在居民物种可以进入过渡带的地方，告知栖息地使用的属性以及居民在过渡带内区分不同栖息地类型的规模应确定范围边缘新兴斑块的出现，从而影响居民对它们的居住精度。 。我在一个实验阵列中监控了海洋动物，该阵列将物理结构与更广泛的栖息地斑块属性隔离开来，揭示了随着栖息地斑块沿范围边缘的扩展，栖息地敏感性的嵌套规模应会导致社区分歧的增加。最后，定居点上的栖息地协会可能受偏好或生存驱动。我确定了Callinectes spp的特定栖息地招募模式。 （十足目：Portunidae）在过渡带中捕获螃蟹，并使用实验室试验来确定关联是由对具有分支结构的植被的偏爱和较高的生存力驱动的。总之，这些结果表明，海洋动物群对沼泽内红树林生境的结构特征和小规模生境的变化敏感，而后者无法提供同等的生境。这项工作还有助于我们了解过渡景观中的社区形成，阐明斑驳的基础物种扩展对社区构建生态过程的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Johnston, Cora Ann.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Maryland, College Park.;

  • 授予单位 University of Maryland, College Park.;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Climate change.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 167 p.
  • 总页数 167
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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